More Like this

1. Supporting Instructors Adoption of Peer Instruction

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3626253.3635530  

   Gu, Xingjian; Ericson, Barbara J; Wu, Zihan (March 2024, Proceedings of the 55th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 2)

   Peer Instruction (PI) is a lecture-based active learning approach that has students solve a difficult multiple-choice question individually, submit their answer, discuss their answer with peers, and then submit their answer again. Despite plentiful evidence to support its effectiveness, PI has not been widely adopted by undergraduate computing instructors due to low awareness of PI, the effort needed to create PI questions, the limited instructional time needed for PI activities during lectures, and potential adverse reactions from students. We hypothesized that we could allay some of these concerns by hosting a three-day summer workshop on Peer Instruction for instructors and building and sharing a free tool and a question bank that supports PI in an open-source ebook platform. We invited eighteen instructors to attend an in-person three-day workshop on PI in the summer of 2022. We collected their feedback by using pre and post surveys and conducting semi-structured interviews. We report on the effect of the three-day summer workshop on instructor attitudes towards and knowledge of PI, the barriers that prevented instructors from adopting the free tool, and feedback from instructors who used the tool. The results show that most workshop attendees reported that they planned to use the tool in the fall semester, but less than half actually did. Responses from both users and non-users yield insights about the support instructors need to adopt new tools. This research informs future professional development workshops, tool development, and how to better support instructors interested in adopting Peer Instruction. 

   more » « less
2. Instructor Use of Movable Furniture and Technology in Flexible Classroom Spaces

   Johnson, A.W.; Swenson, J.E.S.; Wiwel, C.R.; Finelli, C.J. (June 2019, ASEE annual conference & exposition proceedings)

   Flexible classroom spaces, which have movable tables and chairs that can be easily rearranged into different layouts, make it easier for instructors to effectively implement active learning than a traditional lecture hall. Instructors can move throughout the room to interact with students during active learning, and they can rearrange the tables into small groups to facilitate conversation between students. Classroom technology, such as wall-mounted monitors and movable whiteboards, also facilitates active learning by allowing students to collaborate. In addition to enabling active learning, the flexible classroom can still be arranged in front-facing rows that support traditional lecture-based pedagogies. As a result, instructors do not have to make time- and effort-intensive changes to the way their courses are taught in order to use the flexible classroom. Instead, they can make small changes to add active learning. We are in the second year of a study of flexible classroom spaces funded by the National Science Foundation’s Division of Undergraduate Education. This project asks four research questions that investigate the relationships between the instructor, the students, and the classroom: 1) What pedagogy do instructors use in a flexible classroom space? 2) How do instructors take advantage of the instructional affordances (including the movable furniture, movable whiteboards, wall-mounted whiteboards, and wall-mounted monitors) of a flexible classroom? 3) What is the impact of faculty professional development on instructors’ use of flexible classroom spaces? and 4) How does the classroom influence the ways students interpret and engage in group learning activities? In the first year of our study we have developed five research instruments to answer these questions: a three-part classroom observation protocol, an instructor interview protocol, two instructor surveys, and a student survey. We have collected data from nine courses taught in one of ten flexible classrooms at the University of Michigan during the Fall 2018 semester. Two of these courses were first-year introduction to engineering courses co-taught by two instructors, and the other seven courses were sophomore- and junior-level core technical courses taught by one instructor. Five instructors participated in a faculty learning community that met three times during the semester to discuss active learning, to learn how to make the best use of the flexible classroom affordances, and to plan activities to implement in their courses. In each course we gathered data from the perspective of the instructor (through pre- and post-semester interviews), the researcher (through observations of three class meetings with our observation protocol), and the students (through conducting a student survey at the end of the semester). This poster presents qualitative and qualitative analyses of these data to answer our research questions, along with evidence based best practices for effectively using a flexible classroom. 

   more » « less
3. Virtual adaptation of introductory materials engineering: a partially asynchronous approach to engage a large class

   Brown, Jonathan; Meier, Janet M; Free Brandon; Locke, Jenifer (July 2022, 2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition)

   With large enrollments (about 200-350) of primarily non-majors, engaging students in the required introductory materials science and engineering course at our university has been a longstanding challenge. In moving to the virtual format in the fall of 2020, we significantly adapted several aspects of the course, many of which have continued to the hybrid format in future semesters, with good results. The primary content was provided through asynchronous videos; this format allowed us to break content into digestible pieces. In particular, multiple mini-lectures and example videos were pre-recorded for each week, with a total viewing time per week somewhat less than the typical total class time. To provide real-time, structured interaction, one live virtual class session per week was held, centered on previously submitted student questions. Smaller teaching-assistant-led recitation sections also met live (virtually or in person), during which “clicker” questions were asked through TopHat. Assignments were also updated to take advantage of the virtual format. Multiple small assignments with lower stakes were due throughout the week: a reading/lecture quiz, a survey to submit questions, and a shortened homework assignment. Finally, we changed some content near the end of the course to allow students to connect the course to their own career aspirations, which we expect can aid in longterm retention. Specifically, students chose among several possible topics to cover in the final weeks, covered via typical pre-recorded lectures and reading, and also guest lectures. They wrote an abstract-length reflection on how they could use what they learned in this course later in their careers. Overall, students remained engaged with the course throughout the semester and provided favorable comments and evaluations of the course, including higher numerical evaluations of the course than in prior semesters. 

   more » « less
4. Evolution of response time and accuracy on online mastery practice assignments for introductory physics students

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.19.020111  

   Nieberding, Megan; Heckler, Andrew F. (August 2023, Physical Review Physics Education Research)

   We have investigated the temporal patterns of algebra (N ¼ 606) and calculus (N ¼ 507) introductory physics students practicing multiple basic physics topics several times throughout the semester using an online mastery homework application called science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fluency aimed at improving basic physics skills. For all skill practice categories, we observed an increase in measures of student accuracy, such as a decrease in the number of questions attempted to reach mastery, and a decrease in response time per question, resulting in an overall decrease in the total time spent on the assignments. The findings in this study show that there are several factors that impact a student’s performance and evolution on the mastery assignments throughout the semester. For example, using linear mixed modeling, we report that students with lower math preparation for the physics class start with lower accuracy and slower response times on the mastery assignments than students with higher math preparation. However, by the end of the semester, the less prepared students reach similar performance levels to their more prepared classmates on the mastery assignments. This suggests that STEM fluency is a useful tool for instructors to implement to refresh student’s basic math skills. Additionally, gender and procrastination habits impact the effectiveness and progression of the student’s response time and accuracy on the STEM fluency assignments throughout the semester. We find that women initially answer more questions in the same amount of time as men before reaching mastery. As the semester progresses and students practice the categories more, this performance gap diminishes between males and females. In addition, we find that students who procrastinate (those who wait until the final few hours to complete the assignments) are spending more time on the assignments despite answering a similar number of questions as compared to students who do not procrastinate. We also find that student mindset (growth vs fixed mindset) was not related to a student’s progress on the online mastery assignments. Finally, we find that STEM fluency practice improves performance beyond the effects of other components of instruction, such as lectures, group-work recitations, and homework assignments. 

   more » « less
5. On Moving a Face-to-Face Flipped Classroom to a Remote Setting

   Autar Kaw (May 2021, 2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference)

   Starting in March 2020, the COVID19 pandemic instantly affected the education of 14 million higher education students in the USA. The switch to remote instruction caught instructors and students off guard – teachers had to change their techniques, approaches, and course content rapidly (called “panicgogy”), and students had to adjust to remote instruction in a hurry. Hoping that the pandemic would not last too long, most had expected to return to the regular class format at most by the Fall semester. That expectation was quickly squashed as the summer semester progressed. If one were teaching a face-to-face classroom in a flipped modality, it would be even more challenging to teach a flipped class in an online environment. In this paper, we present how the instructor overhauled a face-to-face flipped class in Numerical Methods to an online environment. This involved 1) rethinking the learning design of the course content via the learning management system, 2) using Microsoft forms as personal response systems, and YouTube for video lectures, 3) not only using break-out rooms for peer-to-peer learning but the “main room” for individual learning as well, 4) exploit the availability of two computers and multiple monitors to deliver and observe the synchronous part of the class, 5) use of discussion boards to streamline the flow of communication that would have otherwise been unwieldy for the instructor, TAs, and students alike, 6) changes made to assessment as it had to be carried online and within a proctoring software environment, 7) changes in the conducting of office hours. The above items will be discussed in the paper, and comparisons of face-to-face and online implementations will be made. The ultimate goal is to present a logic model for a typical lecture-based online flipped STEM classroom for efficient and effective implementation by other instructors. 

   more » « less