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1. Quantification of the 3D shapes of the ice structures accreted on a wind turbine airfoil model

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-019-00567-4  

   Gao, Linyue; Veerakumar, Ramsankar; Liu, Yang; Hu, Hui (August 2019, Journal of Visualization)
2. Inside the ice shelf: using augmented reality to visualise 3D lidar and radar data of Antarctica

   https://doi.org/10.1111/phor.12298  

   Boghosian, Alexandra L.; Pratt, Martin J.; Becker, Maya K.; Cordero, S. Isabel; Dhakal, Tejendra; Kingslake, Jonathan; Locke, Caitlin D.; Tinto, Kirsty J.; Bell, Robin E. (December 2019, The Photogrammetric Record)

   Abstract From 2015 to 2017, theROSETTA‐Ice project comprehensively mapped Antarctica's Ross Ice Shelf using IcePod, a newly developed aerogeophysical platform. The campaign imaged the ice‐shelf surface with lidar and its internal structure with ice‐penetrating radar. TheROSETTA‐Ice data was combined with pre‐existing ice surface and bed topography digital elevation models to create the first augmented reality (AR) visualisation of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, using the Microsoft HoloLens. TheROSETTA‐Ice datasets support cross‐disciplinary science that aims to understand 4D processes, namely the change of 3D ice‐shelf structures over time. The work presented here usesARto visualise this dataset in 3D and highlights howARcan be simultaneously a useful research tool for interdisciplinary geoscience as well as an effective device for science communication education. 

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3. Ultrastrong magnon-magnon coupling and chiral spin-texture control in a dipolar 3D multilayered artificial spin-vortex ice

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48080-z  

   Dion, Troy; Stenning, Kilian D.; Vanstone, Alex; Holder, Holly H.; Sultana, Rawnak; Alatteili, Ghanem; Martinez, Victoria; Kaffash, Mojtaba Taghipour; Kimura, Takashi; Oulton, Rupert F.; et al (May 2024, Nature Communications)

   Strongly-interacting nanomagnetic arrays are ideal systems for exploring reconfigurable magnonics. They provide huge microstate spaces and integrated solutions for storage and neuromorphic computing alongside GHz functionality. These systems may be broadly assessed by their range of reliably accessible states and the strength of magnon coupling phenomena and nonlinearities. Increasingly, nanomagnetic systems are expanding into three-dimensional architectures. This has enhanced the range of available magnetic microstates and functional behaviours, but engineering control over 3D states and dynamics remains challenging. Here, we introduce a 3D magnonic metamaterial composed from multilayered artificial spin ice nanoarrays. Comprising two magnetic layers separated by a non-magnetic spacer, each nanoisland may assume four macrospin or vortex states per magnetic layer. This creates a system with a rich 16^Nmicrostate space and intense static and dynamic dipolar magnetic coupling. The system exhibits a broad range of emergent phenomena driven by the strong inter-layer dipolar interaction, including ultrastrong magnon-magnon coupling with normalised coupling rates of$$\frac{\Delta f}{\nu }=0.57$$ $\frac{\Delta f}{\nu }=0.57$, GHz mode shifts in zero applied field and chirality-control of magnetic vortex microstates with corresponding magnonic spectra. 

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4. Platelet Ice Under Arctic Pack Ice in Winter

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088898  

   Katlein, Christian; Mohrholz, Volker; Sheikin, Igor; Itkin, Polona; Divine, Dmitry V.; Stroeve, Julienne; Jutila, Arttu; Krampe, Daniela; Shimanchuk, Egor; Raphael, Ian; et al (August 2020, Geophysical Research Letters)

   Abstract The formation of platelet ice is well known to occur under Antarctic sea ice, where subice platelet layers form from supercooled ice shelf water. In the Arctic, however, platelet ice formation has not been extensively observed, and its formation and morphology currently remain enigmatic. Here, we present the first comprehensive, long‐term in situ observations of a decimeter thick subice platelet layer under free‐drifting pack ice of the Central Arctic in winter. Observations carried out with a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) during the midwinter leg of the MOSAiC drift expedition provide clear evidence of the growth of platelet ice layers from supercooled water present in the ocean mixed layer. This platelet formation takes place under all ice types present during the surveys. Oceanographic data from autonomous observing platforms lead us to the conclusion that platelet ice formation is a widespread but yet overlooked feature of Arctic winter sea ice growth. 

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5. Ice fracturing

   https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.5270  

   Schulson, Erland M. (July 2023, Physics Today)

   The process comprises the nucleation, propagation, and interaction of cracks. Understanding their micromechanics in ice is likely to help scientists understand fracture in all kinds of materials. 

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