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1. Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Valleywide Plot Tree and Sapling Inventory – 1995, 2005, 2015

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/65b1f9e0111c189c68bc82083112fdeb  

   Battles, John J ; Cleavitt, Natalie ; Fahey, Timothy ( January 2022 )

   Abstract

   The valley-wide plots are a grid of 431 sites along fifteen N–S transects established at 500-m intervals spanning the entire Hubbard Brook Valley. The plot network was designed by Paul Schwarz for spatial analysis of tree species distribution patterns within the valley. Multiple above- and below-ground attributes have been measured on these plots. This dataset includes forest inventory data at 10 year intervals, for 1995, 2005, and 2015. The full survey takes three seasons to complete, with the datatable listing the exact measurement interval for each tree. Data are included for both trees and saplings on 371 core plots (all surveys) and 60 densified plots (1998, 2008). Locations of plots in this study can be found in the following dataset: Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Valleywide Plots: GIS Shapefile (2022.) https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/440b176372e0cdeb341731aea816b67c These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. These data have been used in a number of publications including: Schwarz, P.A., Fahey, T.J., Martin, C.W., Siccama, T.G., and Bailey, A. 2001. Structure and composition of three northern hardwood–conifer forests with differing disturbance histories. For. Ecol. Manage. 144(1–3): 201–212. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00371-6. Schwarz, P.A., Fahey, T.J., and McCulloch, C.E. 2003. Factors controlling spatial variation of tree species abundance in a forested landscape. Ecology, 84(7): 1862–1878. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1862:FCSVOT]2.0.CO;2. van Doorn, N.S., Battles, J.J., Fahey, T.J., Siccama, T.G., and Schwarz, P.A. 2011. Links between biomass and tree demography in a northern hardwood forest: a decade of stability and change in Hubbard Brook Valley, New Hampshire. Can. J. For. Res. 41(7): 1369–1379. doi:10.1139/X11-063. Cleavitt, NL; AB Clyne and TJ Fahey. 2019. Epiphytic macrolichen patterns along an elevation gradient in the White Mountain National Forest, New Hampshire. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 146(1): 8-17. Cleavitt, NL; Battles, JJ, Fahey, TJ, and Blum, J. 2014. Determinants of survival over seven years for a natural cohort of sugar maple seedlings in a northern hardwood forest. Can. J. For. Res.44 (9): 1112-1121.
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2. Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil Freezing Study (SFS) In Situ Measurements of Snow and Soil Frost Depth

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/207b884c7510aca0aa9bf2c5ed93e432  

   Templer, Pamela H ; Socci, Anne ; Campbell, John L ( January 2021 )

   Abstract

   Climate models for the northeastern United States (U.S.) over the next century predict an increase in air temperature between 2.8 and 4.3 °C and a decrease in the average number of days per year when a snowpack will cover the forest floor (Hayhoe et al. 2007, 2008; Campbell et al. 2010). Studies of forest dynamics in seasonally snow-covered ecosystems have been primarily conducted during the growing season, when most biological activity occurs. However, in recent years considerable progress has been made in our understanding of how winter climate change influences dynamics in these forests. The snowpack insulates soil from below-freezing air temperatures, which facilitates a significant amount of microbial activity. However, a smaller snowpack and increased depth and duration of soil frost amplify losses of dissolved organic C and NO3- in leachate, as well as N2O released into the atmosphere. The increase in nutrient loss following increased soil frost cannot be explained by changes in microbial activity alone. More likely, it is caused by a decrease in plant nutrient uptake following increases in soil frost. We conducted a snow-removal experiment at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest to determine the effects of a smaller winter snowpack and greater depth and duration of soil frost on trees, soil microbes, and arthropods. A number of publications have been based on these data: Comerford et al. 2013, Reinmann et al. 2019, Templer 2012, and Templer et al. 2012. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Campbell JL, Ollinger SV, Flerchinger GN, Wicklein H, Hayhoe K, Bailey AS. Past and projected future changes in snowpack and soil frost at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Hydrological Processes. 2010; 24:2465–2480. Comerford DP, PG Schaberg, PH Templer, AM Socci, JL Campbell, and KF Wallin. 2013. Influence of experimental snow removal on root and canopy physiology of sugar maple trees in a northern hardwood forest. Oecologia 171:261-269. Hayhoe K, Wake CP, Huntington TG, Luo LF, Schwartz MD, Sheffield J, et al. Past and future changes in climate and hydrological indicators in the US Northeast. Climate Dynamics. 2007; 28:381–407. Hayhoe, K., Wake, C., Anderson, B. et al. Regional climate change projections for the Northeast USA. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 13, 425–436 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-007-9133-2. Reinmann AB, J Susser, EMC Demaria, PH Templer. 2019. Declines in northern forest tree growth following snowpack decline and soil freezing.  Global Change Biology 25:420-430. Templer PH. 2012. Changes in winter climate: soil frost, root injury, and fungal communities (Invited). Plant and Soil 35: 15-17 Templer PH , AF Schiller, NW Fuller, AM Socci, JL Campbell, JE Drake, and TH Kunz. 2012. Impact of a reduced winter snowpack on litter arthropod abundance and diversity in a northern hardwood forest ecosystem. Biology and Fertility of Soils 48:413-424.
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3. Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Daily Temperature Record, 1955 - present

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/3afab60d54d5f2fcb1112e71f4be2106  

   USDA Forest Service, Northern Research ( January 2021 )

   Abstract

   Air temperature is measured at seven locations in rain gage clearings throughout the experimental watersheds and at Headquarters. The oldest air temperature record dates back to October 20,1955 at Station 1. From 1955 - 2014, temperature measurements were made continuously using hygrothermographs housed in standard shelters. Beginning in 2014, digital sensors housed in solar radiation shields collected daily minimum and maximum temperature measurements. Measurements made by the hygrothermographs have been corrected for screen bias to match the current aspirated radiation shields. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Publications related to this dataset: Bailey, Amey Schenck; Hornbeck, James W.; Campbell, John L.; Eagar, Christopher. 2003. Hydrometeorological database for Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: 1955-2000. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-305. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 36 p
4. Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Daily Temperature Record, 1955 - present

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/e51ee820bb04aace06fa35c00946b050  

   USDA Forest Service, Northern Research ( January 2022 )

   Abstract

   Air temperature is measured at seven locations in rain gage clearings throughout the experimental watersheds and at Headquarters. The oldest air temperature record dates back to October 20,1955 at Station 1. From 1955 - 2014, temperature measurements were made continuously using hygrothermographs housed in standard shelters. Beginning in 2014, digital sensors housed in solar radiation shields collected daily minimum and maximum temperature measurements. Measurements made by the hygrothermographs have been corrected for screen bias to match the current aspirated radiation shields. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Publications related to this dataset: Bailey, Amey Schenck; Hornbeck, James W.; Campbell, John L.; Eagar, Christopher. 2003. Hydrometeorological database for Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: 1955-2000. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-305. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 36 p
5. Physical and chemical properties of soils on Watershed 5 of Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, before and after whole-tree harvest

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/b79c526bfde16d42cf933e64dd870039  

   Johnson, Chris E ( January 2021 )

   Abstract

   We sampled soils on watershed 5 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in 1983, prior to a whole-tree harvest conducted in the winter of 1983-84. We resampled in 1986, 1991, and 1998. All sampling was performed using a quantitative soil pit method. Samples of the combined Oi and Oe horizons; the Oa horizon; 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and >20 cm layers of mineral soil; and the C horizon were collected. Grab samples of pedogenic mineral horizons were also taken from the sides of a subset of pits in each year. Here we report soil chemistry, mass of soil, percent rock, bulk density, and organic matter. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.