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Abstract Study ObjectivesTo investigate associations between social jet lag and the developing adolescent brain. MethodsN = 3507 youth (median (IQR) age = 12.0 (1.1) years; 50.9% females) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development cohort were studied. Social jet lag (adjusted for sleep debt [SJLSC] vs. nonadjusted [SJL]), topological properties and intrinsic dynamics of resting-state networks, and morphometric brain characteristics were analyzed. ResultsOver 35% of participants had SJLSC ≥ 2.0 h. Boys, Hispanic and Black non-Hispanic youth, and/or those at later pubertal stages had longer SJLSC (β = 0.06–0.68, CI = [0.02, 0.83], p ≤ .02), which was also associated with higher Body Mass Index (BMI) (β = 0.13, CI = [0.08, 0.18], p < .01). SJLSC and SJL were associated with lower strength of thalamic connections (β = −0.22, CI = [−0.39, −0.05], p = .03). Longer SJLSC was also associated with lower topological resilience and lower connectivity of the salience network (β = −0.04, CI = [−0.08, −0.01], p = .04), and lower thickness and/or volume of structures overlapping with this and other networks supporting emotional and reward processing and social function (β =−0.08 to −0.05, CI = [−0.12, −0.01], p < .05). Longer SJL was associated with lower connectivity and efficiency of the dorsal attention network (β = −0.05, CI = [−0.10, −0.01], p < .05). Finally, SJLSC and SJL were associated with alterations in spontaneously coordinated brain activity and lower information transfer between regions supporting sensorimotor integration, social function, and emotion regulation (β = −0.07 to −0.05, CI = [−0.12, −0.01], p < .04). ConclusionsMisaligned sleep is associated with widespread alterations in adolescent brain structures, circuit organization, and dynamics of regions that play critical roles in cognitive (including social) function, and emotion and reward regulation.
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Validation of the Entrainment Signal Regularity Index and associations with children's changes in BMI
<sc>A</sc>bstract ObjectiveThis study examined the validity of a novel metric of circadian health, the Entrainment Signal Regularity Index (ESRI), and its relationship to changes in BMI during the school year and summer. MethodsIn a longitudinal observational data set, this study examined the relationship between ESRI score and children's (n = 119, 5‐ to 8‐year‐olds) sleep and physical activity levels during the school year and summer, differences in ESRI score during the school year and summer, and the association of ESRI score during the school year and summer with changes in BMI across those time periods. ResultsThe ESRI score was higher during the school year (0.70 ± 0.10) compared with summer (0.63 ± 0.11);t(111) = 5.484,p < 0.001. Whereas the ESRI score at the beginning of the school year did not significantly predict BMI change during the school year (β = 0.05 ± 0.09 SE,p = 0.57), having a higher ESRI score during summer predicted smaller increases in BMI during summer (β = −0.22 ± 0.10 SE,p = 0.03). ConclusionsOverall, children demonstrated higher entrainment regularity during the school year compared with the summer. During summer, having a higher entrainment signal was associated with smaller changes in summertime BMI. This effect was independent of the effects of children's sleep midpoint, sleep regularity, and physical activity on children's BMI.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1853506
- PAR ID:
- 10398214
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Obesity
- Volume:
- 31
- Issue:
- 3
- ISSN:
- 1930-7381
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- p. 642-651
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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