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1. VOA[ M ₄ ]

   https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5100059  

   Feigin, Boris; Gukov, Sergei (January 2020, Journal of Mathematical Physics)
2. Dimensional Evolution Guides Property Control in the A _n Cu _4–n TiS ₄ Semiconductor Series

   https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c05985  

   Viti, Michael A; Li, Zhi; Liu, Zhifu; Wolverton, Christopher; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G (July 2025, Journal of the American Chemical Society)
3. Coordination Variability through Inner-Outer-Sphere Chloride Exchange in Complex Heterometallic Clusters [ M ₂ Bi ₁₄ Cl ₄ ][AlCl ₄ ] ₄ and [ M ₂ Bi ₁₄ Cl ₂ ][AlCl ₄ ] ₆ ( M = Ru, Os)

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5c04069  

   Samarakoon, S_M_Gayomi K; Watts, Spencer R; Tisdale, George D; Baranets, Sviatoslav (December 2025, Inorganic Chemistry)

   Five novel heterometallic bismuth-bearing cluster salts within two structural families, monoclinic P21/c α-[M2Bi14Cl4][TrCl4]4 and triclinic P1̅ [M2Bi14Cl2][AlCl4]6 (M = Ru, Os; Tr = Al, Ga), have been discovered via Lewis acidic ionic liquid (LAIL)-assisted synthesis at 180 °C. At the center of both structures is the binuclear inorganic [(Bi5)M(Bi4Clx)M(Bi5)](4,6)+ cluster cation (x = 2, 4), where the inner-sphere chloride content within the median [Bi4Clx] ring determines the charge of the unit, its symmetry, and the number of outer-sphere [AlCl4]− anions required for charge balance. Detailed characterization of the structural relationships, coupled with a comprehensive study of the electronic structure and bonding, indicates the basal–basal Bi–Bi strengthening, apical-basal weakening within [Bi5]+ upon chloride loss, and only minor influence of the transition metal origin on the symmetry of the cluster, besides relatively stronger Os–Os interactions of the two cluster types. These findings indicate inner-outer-sphere chloride exchange in LAILs, controlled by the amount of AlCl3, and periodic substitutions as viable approaches to control symmetry, bonding, and interconversion in Bi-rich clusters. 

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4. Electrochemical Properties of Mo ₄ VC ₄ T _x MXene in Aqueous Electrolytes

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c06519  

   Hussain, Iftikhar; Rehman, Faisal; Saraf, Mohit; Zhang, Teng; Wang, Ruocun; Das, Tridip; Luo, Zhengtang; Gogotsi, Yury; Zhang, Kaili (July 2024, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces)
5. Dimensional Reduction Guides Electronic Structure Evolution in the A _n Cu _4–n SnS ₄ Semiconductor Series

   https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c07366  

   Viti, Michael A; Li, Zhi; Wolverton, Christopher; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G (August 2025, Journal of the American Chemical Society)

   The search for new functional materials with tunable properties remains a central challenge in chemistry, particularly for applications in energy and electronics. In this work, we present a framework for predictive crystal design in alkali metal chalcogenides that enables controlled dimensional reduction of a parent covalent motif, yielding a broad range of electronic structures, which systematically evolve from one parent to the other. We present 11 new members of the AnCu4–nSnS4 family (A = alkali metal; n = 0–4), which reduce the three-dimensional (3D) covalent network of Cu4SnS4 into various 3D, 2D, 1D, and 0D [Cu4–nSnS4]n− motifs through the substitution of Cu with alkali metals of various radii. The end members of the family set the range in achievable band gaps at 0.99 eV for fully covalent Cu4SnS4 (n = 0) and 3.38 eV for K4SnS4 (n = 4) with 0D [SnS4]n− tetrahedra. As the dimensionality of [Cu4–nSnS4]n− systematically reduces within AnCu4–nSnS4 (n = 1–3), a stepwise increase in band gap energy occurs through a gradual decrease in the energy of the valence band maximum and an increase in the conduction band minimum, with an increase in the effective masses of charge carriers. Furthermore, irrespective of the alkali metal, the thermal stability decreases with decreasing [Cu4–nSnS4]n− dimensionality within the quaternary members. Most importantly, we demonstrate that predictable crystal structure and property evolution for a given composition space is possible by deriving a general formula based on substituting the covalent metals of a parent structure with alkali metals. 

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