Confidence disparities: Pre-course coding confidence predicts greater statistics intentions and perceived achievement in a project-based introductory statistics course.

F all 2 0 1 9 S pri n g 2 0 1 9 F all 2 0 1 8 ( n = 3 5), Wi nt er 2 0 1 9 ( n = 1 5) S u m m er 2 0 1 9 ( n = 1 1) Wi nt er 2 0 2 0 ( n = 1 4) 6 0 0 7 7. 6 6 8. 4 7 9. 9 0. 0 0 2 7 5. 9 7 8. 9 ( 5 % vs. 1 %, p = 0. 0 1); t a ki n g a c o urs e usi n g R ( 6 1 % vs. 5 2 %, p = 0. 0 3); t a ki n g a c o m pr ess e d wi nt er c o urs e ( all at li b er al arts c oll e g e) ( 5 % vs. 1 %, p = 0. 0 0 6); p ast A P ( 2 4 % vs. 1 5 %, p = 0. 0 1) or p ast c oll e g e st atisti cs c o urs es ( 4 9 % vs. 3 7 %, p = 0. 0 0 6); a n d c o di n g e x p eri e n c e wit h R ( 2 0 % vs. 6 %, p < 0. 0 0 1), St at a ( 1 1 % vs. 3 %, p < 0. 0 0 1), S A S ( 5 % vs. 1 %, p = 0. 0 0 1), H T M L ( 1 4 % vs. 3 %, p < 0. 0 0 1), J a v a ( 1 8 % vs. 4 %, p < 0. 0 0 1), M atl a b ( 1 2 % vs. 4 %, p < 0. 0 0 1), a n d P yt h o n ( 3 6 % vs. 8 %, p < 0. 0 0 1) ( Ta bl e 2 ). ( 2 6 % vs. 1 8 %, p = 0. 0 1); t a ki n g a c o urs e usi n g R ( 5 8 % vs. 5 0 %, p = 0. 0 3); A P st atisti cs ( 2 4 % vs. 1 2 %, p < 0. 0 0 1) or c oll e g e st atisti cs ( 4 5 % vs. 3 6 %, p = 0. 0 1); a n d c o di n g e x p eri e n c e wit h R ( 1 6 % vs. 5 %, p < 0. 0 0 1), St at a ( 8 % vs. 1 %, p < 0. 0 0 1), S A S ( 3 % vs. 1 %, p = 0. 0 5), H T M L ( 8 % vs. 3 %, p = 0. 0 0 1), J a v a ( 1 3 % vs. 3 %, p < 0. 0 0 1), M atl a b ( 9 % vs. 3 %, p < 0. 0 0 1), a n d P yt h o n ( 2 4 % vs. 6 %, p < 0. 0 0 1) ( Ta bl e 2 ).