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Nanhsiungchelyidae are a group of large turtles that lived in Asia and North America during the Cretaceous. Here we report a new species of nanhsiungchelyid,Nanhsiungchelys yangisp. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous of Nanxiong Basin, China. The specimen consists of a well-preserved skull and lower jaw, as well as the anterior parts of the carapace and plastron. The diagnostic features ofNanhsiungchelysinclude a large entire carapace length (∼55.5 cm), a network of sculptures consisting of pits and ridges on the surface of the skull and shell, shallow cheek emargination and temporal emargination, deep nuchal emargination, and a pair of anterolateral processes on the carapace. However,Nanhsiungchelys yangidiffers from the other species ofNanhsiungchelysmainly in having a triangular-shaped snout (in dorsal view) and wide anterolateral processes on the carapace. Additionally, some other characteristics (e.g., the premaxilla is higher than wide, the maxilla is unseen in dorsal views, a small portion of the maxilla extends posterior and ventral of the orbit, and the parietal is bigger than the frontal) are strong evidence to distinguishNanhsiungchelys yangifromNanhsiungchelys wuchingensis. A phylogenetic analysis of nanhsiungchelyids placesNanhsiungchelys yangiandNanhsiungchelys wuchingensisas sister taxa.Nanhsiungchelys yangiand some other nanhsiungchelyids bear distinct anterolateral processes on the carapace, which have not been reported in any extant turtles and may have played a role in protecting the head. The Nanxiong Basin was extremely hot during the Late Cretaceous, and so we suggest that nanhsiungchelyids might have immersed themselves in mud or water to avoid the heat, similar to some extant tortoises. If they were capable of swimming, our computer simulations of fluid flow suggest the anterolateral processes could have reduced drag during locomotion.
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Drag coefficient estimates from coasting bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus
The drag coefficient bluegill sunfishLepomis macrochiruswas estimated from coasting deceleration as (mean ± SD) 0.0154 ± 0.0070 at a Reynolds number of 41,000 ± 14,000. This was within the coasting range in other species and lower than values obtained from dead drag measurements in this species and others. Low momentum losses during coasting may allow its use during intermittent propulsion to modulate power output or maximize energy economy.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1754650
- PAR ID:
- 10461398
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley-Blackwell
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Fish Biology
- Volume:
- 94
- Issue:
- 3
- ISSN:
- 0022-1112
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- p. 532-534
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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