Charge‐programmed 3D printing enables the fabrication of 3D electronics with lightweight and high precision via selective patterning of metals. This selective metal deposition is catalyzed by Pd nanoparticles that are specifically immobilized onto the charged surface and promises to fabricate a myriad of complex electronic devices with self‐sensing, actuation, and structural elements assembled in a designed 3D layout. However, the achievable property space and the material‐performance correlation of the charge‐programmed printing remain unexplored. Herein, a series of photo‐curable resins are designed for unveiling how the charge and crosslink densities synergistically impact the nanocatalyst‐guided selective deposition in catalytic efficiency and properties of the 3D printed charge‐programmed architectures, leading to high‐quality 3D patterning of solid and liquid metals. The findings offer a wide tunability of the structural properties of the printed electronics, ranging from stiff to extreme flexibility. Capitalizing on these results, the printing and successful application of an ultralight‐weight and deployable 3D multi‐layer antenna system operating at an ultrahigh‐frequency of 19 GHz are demonstrated.
3D printing, as an additive manufacturing technology, enables agile and free‐form fabrication of complex 3D structures relevant to industrial application. However, the 3D structure forming mechanisms in existing 3D printing technologies hinder and even prevent the manufacturing of ultra‐precision 3D metal parts, let alone parallel process manufacturing. A generic 3D electrochemical microprinting technology that allowed the “printing” of ultrahigh density, ultrahigh aspect ratio, and electronics quality 3D copper structures with microscale and even nanoscale precision in an ambient environment is developed here. Further on, the feedback‐controlled and self‐regulated “printing” mechanism was demonstrated to be capable of realizing parallel process 3D “printing” of an array of identical copper microstructures simultaneously, promising large‐scale 3D printing–based production of precision metal structures for broad applications in 3D integration of electronics and sensor systems.
more » « less- PAR ID:
- 10462792
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Advanced Materials Technologies
- Volume:
- 4
- Issue:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 2365-709X
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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