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1. Towards the understanding of the genuine three-body interaction for p–p–p and p–p–$$\Lambda $$

   https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-023-00998-6  

   Acharya, S.; Adamová, D.; Adler, A.; Aglieri Rinella, G.; Agnello, M.; Agrawal, N.; Ahammed, Z.; Ahmad, S.; Ahn, S. U.; Ahuja, I.; et al (July 2023, The European Physical Journal A)

   Abstract Three-body nuclear forces play an important role in the structure of nuclei and hypernuclei and are also incorporated in models to describe the dynamics of dense baryonic matter, such as in neutron stars. So far, only indirect measurements anchored to the binding energies of nuclei can be used to constrain the three-nucleon force, and if hyperons are considered, the scarce data on hypernuclei impose only weak constraints on the three-body forces. In this work, we present the first direct measurement of the p–p–p and p–p– $$\Lambda $$ Λ systems in terms of three-particle correlation functions carried out for pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 13$$ s = 13 TeV. Three-particle cumulants are extracted from the correlation functions by applying the Kubo formalism, where the three-particle interaction contribution to these correlations can be isolated after subtracting the known two-body interaction terms. A negative cumulant is found for the p–p–p system, hinting to the presence of a residual three-body effect while for p–p– $$\Lambda $$ Λ the cumulant is consistent with zero. This measurement demonstrates the accessibility of three-baryon correlations at the LHC. 

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2. O2-.[Polar VOC] Complexes: H-Bonding versus Charge-Dipole Interactions and the Noninnocence of Formaldehyde

   Patros, Kellyn M.; Mann, Jennifer E.; Jarrold, Caroline Chick. (July 2017, The journal of physical chemistry. A.)

   This paper describes the photoelectron imaging spectra of the O2- complexes with several alcohols, acetone, and formaldehyde, showing how the excited singlet delta state of O2 neutral is stabilized relative to the ground triplet sigma state in neutral complexes formed on the dissociative wall for all complexes except formaldehyde. In the case of formaldehyde-O2 complexes, strong electronic coupling between the two molecules results in a profoundly disparate photoelectron spectrum. 

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3. CASE STUDY Phantom Limb Pain: Feeling Sensation from a limb that is No Longer Present and What it can Reveal About Our Brain Anatomy

   Lemons, M.L. (April 2021, Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education)

   Ramos, R. (Ed.)

   This is a flexible, interrupted video case that uses phantom limb pain as a platform to investigate brain anatomy with a focus on somatosensory cortical mapping and the homunculus. The case begins with a video of neurologist Dr. V.S. Ramachandran interviewing two amputees who experience phantom limb pain (part one). Through Dr. Ramachandran's dialog with amputees, students learn about the paradoxical condition of feeling pain in a limb that does not exist (e.g., phantom limb pain). Students witness Dr. Ramachandran analyzing fMRI data from an amputee, and subsequently learn the somatosensory cortical mapping of the amputee has remarkably changed. Dr. Ramachandran also introduces and demonstrates one form of treatment for phantom limb pain, the mirror box. The video case is supplemented with optional opportunities for further exploration about the mirror box (part two) and somatosensory cortical mapping, via the two-point discrimination test (parts three and four). In part two, students use the primary literature to investigate the effectiveness of the mirror box, and practice skills of interpreting figures. In parts three and four, students conduct a two-point discrimination test (part three) on each other or a person in their residence and analyze class data (part four). Students are led to discover conceptual connections between all four parts of this module. As one example, students are challenged to predict how two-point discrimination data from amputees (interviewed in the video, part one) would compare to students' two-point discrimination data (parts three and four). While the four parts of this learning module are highly interconnected, instructors can choose to selectively implement one or more parts. In addition, each part can be executed in the face-to-face classroom, as out-of-classroom assignment, in a synchronous or non-synchronous video meeting platform, or as a hybrid of these options, providing flexibility for the instructor. This case has been used in a 100-level face-to-face, non-science major course and it has been modified as an online module for a 300 level General Physiology course. 

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4. Bodily Expression of Emotions in Animated Agents

   https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90436-4_38  

   Zachary Meyer, Nicoletta Adamo (January 2022, Advances in Visual Computing: 16th International Symposium, ISVC 2021)

   he goal of this research is to identify key affective body gestures that can clearly convey four emotions, namely happy, content, bored, and frustrated, in animated characters that lack facial features. Two studies were conducted, a first to identify affective body gestures from a series of videos, and a second to validate the gestures as representative of the four emotions. Videos were created using motion capture data of four actors portraying the four targeted emotions and mapping the data to two 3D character models, one male and one female. In the first study the researchers identified body gestures that are commonly produced by individuals when they experience each of the four emotions. In the second study the researchers tested four sets of identified body gestures, one set for each emotion. The animated gestures were mapped to the 3D character models and 91 participants were asked to identify the emotional state conveyed by the characters through the body gestures. The study identified six gestures that were shown to have an acceptable recognition rate of at least 80% for three of the four emotions tested. Contentment was the only emotion which was not conveyed clearly by the identified body gestures. The gender of the character had a significant effect on recognition rates across all emotions. 

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5. Disentangling sequential and concerted fragmentations of molecular polycations with covariant native frame analysis

   https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp03029b  

   McManus, Joseph W.; Walmsley, Tiffany; Nagaya, Kiyonobu; Harries, James R.; Kumagai, Yoshiaki; Iwayama, Hiroshi; Ashfold, Michael N.R.; Britton, Mathew; Bucksbaum, Philip H.; Downes-Ward, Briony; et al (September 2022, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics)

   We present results from an experimental ion imaging study into the fragmentation dynamics of 1-iodopropane and 2-iodopropane following interaction with extreme ultraviolet intense femtosecond laser pulses with a photon energy of 95 eV. Using covariance imaging analysis, a range of observed fragmentation pathways of the resulting polycations can be isolated and interrogated in detail at relatively high ion count rates (∼12 ions shot −1 ). By incorporating the recently developed native frames analysis approach into the three-dimensional covariance imaging procedure, contributions from three-body concerted and sequential fragmentation mechanisms can be isolated. The angular distribution of the fragment ions is much more complex than in previously reported studies for triatomic polycations, and differs substantially between the two isomeric species. With support of simple simulations of the dissociation channels of interest, detailed physical insights into the fragmentation dynamics are obtained, including how the initial dissociation step in a sequential mechanism influences rovibrational dynamics in the metastable intermediate ion and how signatures of this nuclear motion manifest in the measured signals. 

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