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   https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772041  

   Balal, Afshin ; Giesselmann, Michael ( March 2022 , 2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech))

   This paper makes use of electric vehicles (EVs) that are simultaneously connected to the Photovoltaic Cells (PV) and the power grid. In micro-grids, batteries of the electric vehicles (EVs) used as a source of power to feed the power grid in the peak demands of electricity. EVs can help regulation of the power grid by storing excess solar energy and returning it to the grid during high demand hours. This paper proposes a new architecture of micro-grids by using a rooftop solar system, Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), grid connected inverters, a boost converter, a bidirectional half-bridge converter, output filter, including L, LC, or LCL, and transformers. The main parts of this micro-grid are illustrated and modeled, as well as a simulation of their operation. In addition, simulation results explore the charging and discharging scenarios of the BEVs. 

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2. Unified Distributed Control of Grid-Forming and Grid-Feeding Converters in DC Microgrids with Average Voltage Regulation and Current Sharing

   https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTAsia49270.2021.9715610  

   Mohiuddin, Sheik M. ; Qi, Junjian ( December 2021 , 2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia))

   This paper proposes a unified distributed secondary control for the grid-forming (GFM) and grid-feeding (GFE) converters in DC microgrids. An optimization problem is formulated for the secondary control and the objective function considers regulating the global average of the GFM and GFE converter output voltages and proportional current sharing among all GFM and GFE converters. A unified distributed control is then designed to generate voltage and current references respectively for GFM and GFE converters based on the formulated optimization problem. The dynamic model of the DC microgrid under the proposed control is also developed, and steady-state analysis is performed to show that the proposed distributed control can achieve the control objectives in steady state. The performance of the proposed control is validated through real-time simulations in OPAL-RT on an 8-DG DC microgrid system. 

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3. Enforcing Coherency in the Cluster of Grid-forming Inverters in Power Electronics-Dominated Grid

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   Umar, Muhammad F. ; Hosseinzadehtaher, Mohsen ; Shadmand, Mohammad B. ( November 2021 , IEEE 22nd Workshop on Control and Modelling of Power Electronics (COMPEL))
4. High-Frequency Power Electronics at the Grid Edge: A Bottom-Up Approach Toward the Smart Grid

   https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2020.3005695  

   Chen, Minjie ; Poor, H. Vincent ( September 2020 , IEEE Electrification Magazine)

   null (Ed.)
5. Performance Evolution of Combined Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverters with Different Filtering Mechanisms

   https://doi.org/10.23919/ICPE2023-ECCEAsia54778.2023.10213884  

   Nurunnabi, Md ; Li, Shuhui ; Mondal, Hahnemann ; Hong, Yang-Ki ; Choi, Minyeong ; Won, Hoyun ( May 2023 , 2023 11th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE 2023 - ECCE Asia))

   This paper discusses the challenges faced by electric power systems due to the increasing use of inverter-based renewable energy resources (IBRs) operating in grid-following mode (GFL) and the limited support they provide for the grid’s reliability and stability. With increased IBRs connected to the grid, electric utilities are increasingly requiring IBRs to behave like traditional grid-forming (GFM) synchronous generators to provide support for inertia, frequency, voltage, black start capability, and more. The paper focuses on developing GFM inverter technologies with L, LC, and LCL filters and investigates the performance of combined GFM and GFL inverters with different filtering mechanisms when supplying different types of loads. It also emphasizes achieving voltage controllability at the point of common coupling of the GFM with the rest of an AC system. EMT simulation is utilized to investigate the interaction of combined GFM and GFL inverters with different filtering mechanisms. The research results will assist electric utilities in ensuring the reliability and stability of electric power systems in the future. 

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