skip to main content
US FlagAn official website of the United States government
dot gov icon
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
https lock icon
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( lock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Explore Research Products in the PAR
It may take a few hours for recently added research products to appear in PAR search results.


Title: Code Recommendation for Open Source Software Developers
Open Source Software (OSS) is forming the spines of technology infrastructures, attracting millions of talents to contribute. Notably, it is challenging and critical to consider both the developers’ interests and the semantic features of the project code to recommend appropriate development tasks to OSS developers. In this paper, we formulate the novel problem of code recommendation, whose purpose is to predict the future contribution behaviors of developers given their interaction history, the semantic features of source code, and the hierarchical file structures of projects. We introduce CODER, a novel graph-based CODE Recommendation framework for open source software developers, which accounts for the complex interactions among multiple parties within the system. CODER jointly models microscopic user-code interactions and macroscopic user-project interactions via a heterogeneous graph and further bridges the two levels of information through aggregation on filestructure graphs that reflect the project hierarchy. Moreover, to overcome the lack of reliable benchmarks, we construct three largescale datasets to facilitate future research in this direction. Extensive experiments show that our CODER framework achieves superior performance under various experimental settings, including intraproject, cross-project, and cold-start recommendation.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
2211557 1937599
PAR ID:
10464425
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ; ; ;
Date Published:
Journal Name:
WWW '23: Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2023
Page Range / eLocation ID:
1324 to 1333
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. ; ; ; ; (, 34th Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering (SBES 2020))
    null (Ed.)
    Software bots are used by Open Source Software (OSS) projects to streamline the code review process. Interfacing between developers and automated services, code review bots report continuous integration failures, code quality checks, and code coverage. However, the impact of such bots on maintenance tasks is still neglected. In this paper, we study how project maintainers experience code review bots. We surveyed 127 maintainers and asked about their expectations and perception of changes incurred by code review bots. Our findings reveal that the most frequent expectations include enhancing the feedback bots provide to developers, reducing the maintenance burden for developers, and enforcing code coverage. While maintainers report that bots satisfied their expectations, they also perceived unexpected effects, such as communication noise and newcomers' dropout. Based on these results, we provide a series of implications for bot developers, as well as insights for future research. 
    more » « less
  2. ; (, the 28th International Conference on Program Comprehension)
    null (Ed.)
    Open Source Software (OSS) projects start with an initial vocabulary, often determined by the first generation of developers. This vocabulary, embedded in code identifier names and internal code comments, goes through multiple rounds of change, influenced by the interrelated patterns of human (e.g., developers joining and departing) and system (e.g., maintenance activities) interactions. Capturing the dynamics of this change is crucial for understanding and synthesizing code changes over time. However, existing code evolution analysis tools, available in modern version control systems such as GitHub and SourceForge, often overlook the linguistic aspects of code evolution. To bridge this gap, in this paper, we propose to study code evolution in OSS projects through the lens of developers' language, also known as code lexicon. Our analysis is conducted using 32 OSS projects sampled from a broad range of application domains. Our results show that different maintenance activities impact code lexicon differently. These insights lay out a preliminary foundation for modeling the linguistic history of OSS projects. In the long run, this foundation will be utilized to provide support for basic program comprehension tasks and help researchers gain new insights into the complex interplay between linguistic change and various system and human aspects of OSS development. 
    more » « less
  3. ; (, IEEE/ACM)
    In Open Source Software, the source code and any other resources available in a project can be viewed or reused by anyone subject to often permissive licensing restrictions. In contrast to some studies of dependency-based reuse supported via package managers, no studies of OSS-wide copy-based reuse exist. This dataset seeks to encourage the studies of OSS-wide copy-based reuse by providing copying activity data that captures whole-file reuse in nearly all OSS. To accomplish that, we develop approaches to detect copybased reuse by developing an efficient algorithm that exploits World of Code infrastructure: a curated and cross referenced collection of nearly all open source repositories. We expect this data will enable future research and tool development that support such reuse and minimize associated risks. 
    more » « less
  4. (, ESEC/FSE '19: 27th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering)
    Open Source Software (OSS) forms an infrastructure on which numerous (often critical) software applications are based. Substantial research was done to investigate central projects such as Linux kernel but we have only a limited understanding of how the periphery of the larger OSS ecosystem is interconnected through technical dependencies, code sharing, and knowledge flows. We aim to close this gap by a) creating a nearly complete and rapidly updateable collection of version control data for FLOSS projects; b) by cleaning, correcting, and augmenting the data to measure several types of dependencies among code, developers, and projects; c) by creating models that rely on the resulting supply chains to investigate structural and dynamic properties of the entire OSS. The current implementation is capable of being updated each month, occupies over 300Tb of disk space with 1.5B commits and 12B git objects. Highly accurate algorithms to correct identity data and extract dependencies from the source code are used to characterize the current structure of OSS and the way it has evolved. In particular, models of technology spread demonstrate the implicit factors developers use when choosing software components. We expect the resulting research platform will both spur investigations on how the huge periphery in OSS both sustains and is sustained by the central OSS projects and, as a result, will increase resiliency and effectiveness of the OSS. 
    more » « less
  5. ; ; ; ; ; ; (, 2023 Government Advances in Statistical Programming Conference)
    Open source software (OSS) is ubiquitous, serving as specialized applications nurtured by devoted user communities, and as digital infrastructure underlying platforms used by millions of people. OSS is developed, maintained, and extended through the contribution of independent developers as well as people from businesses, universities, government research institutions, and nonprofits. Despite its prevalence, the scope and impact of OSS are not currently well-measured. Recent policies of the U.S. Federal Government promote sharing of software code developed by or for the Federal Government. While the policy to promote reusing and sharing of software created with public funding is relatively new, public funding plays an important and not fully accounted role in the creation of OSS. This paper aims to measure the scope and value of OSS development in the U.S. Federal Government. We collect data from Code.gov, the government’s platform for sharing OSS projects, and study contributions of agencies. The dataset contains 17K repositories from 21 agencies, with the majority of contributions originating from the DOE, NASA and GSA. In addition, we collect data on development activity (e.g., lines of code, contributors) of the repositories on GitHub, the largest hosting facility worldwide. Adopting a cost estimation model from software engineering, we generate estimates of investment in OSS that are consistent with the U.S. national accounting methods used for measuring software investment. Finally, we generate and analyze collaboration network resulting from cross-agency contributions to repositories and explore the centrality of agencies in the network. 
    more » « less
  • Citation Formats
  • MLA
  • APA
  • Chicago
  • BibTeX
  • Save / Share this Record
  • Send to Email