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1. Intentional Mentoring Networks for Minoritized Postdocs within a University System

   Aumiller, Jennifer G; Enekwe, Blessing O; Carter-Veale, Wendy Y; Cresiski, Robin H (November 2023, The Chronicle of Mentoring & Coaching)

   Trube, Mary B (Ed.)

   Postdoctoral scholars have traditionally received mentoring from a single mentor (creating a “dyad”), limiting the psychosocial support they receive, which is particularly challenging for minoritized scholars (Deanna et al., 2022; Ransdell, et al., 2021). The AGEP Promise Academy Alliance (APAA) (Cresiski et al., 2022) provides multiple mentors for postdoctoral fellows to expand their academic, professional, and support networks. This mixed-method case study involves postdoctoral fellows in the APAA faculty conversion program to identify the extent to which these multiple mentoring opportunities occurred and benefited the APAA fellows. Surveys administered to participants and their non research mentors elucidate the mentorship experience. The findings provide insights for implementing a multi-mentor network within a state university system. This study explores the broader ecosystem of mentorship and its influence on the advancement of minoritized postdocs in biomedical sciences, particularly those who may experience social isolation within their departments. It recognizes that mentorship extends beyond the formal research mentor-mentee relationship and encompasses a network of support that can positively impact the career trajectories and professional development of minoritized individuals. Scholars report benefits from having multiple mentoring opportunities within their institution, within the university system, and from external scholars through our mentors in residence program. “Just in time” mentoring on time-sensitive issues supplemented sustained mentoring. The inclusion of inter-institutional peers, administrators and faculty mentors enhanced this multiple mentor model. Minoritized postdoctoral scholars often have limited opportunities to receive mentorship (Yadav et al., 2020). Mentoring in dyads remains pervasive, though multiple mentors have been proposed (Deanna et al., 2022). We demonstrate that state university systems can be leveraged to provide a unique ecosystem of both short and sustained mentoring interactions that benefit minoritized postdocs without overburdening already over-worked faculty mentors. 

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2. Intentional Mentoring Networks for Minoritized Postdocs within a University System

   Aumiller, Jennifer G; Enekwe, Blessing O; Carter-Veale, Wendy Y; Cresiski, Robin H (November 2023, The Chronicle of Mentoring & Coaching)

   Postdoctoral scholars have traditionally received mentoring from a single mentor (creating a “dyad”), limiting the psychosocial support they receive, which is particularly challenging for minoritized scholars (Deanna et al., 2022; Ransdell, et al., 2021). The AGEP Promise Academy Alliance (APAA) (Cresiski et al., 2022) provides multiple mentors for postdoctoral fellows to expand their academic, professional, and support networks. This mixed-method case study involves postdoctoral fellows in the APAA faculty conversion program to identify the extent to which these multiple mentoring opportunities occurred and benefited the APAA fellows. Surveys administered to participants and their non research mentors elucidate the mentorship experience. The findings provide insights for implementing a multi-mentor network within a state university system. This study explores the broader ecosystem of mentorship and its influence on the advancement of minoritized postdocs in biomedical sciences, particularly those who may experience social isolation within their departments. It recognizes that mentorship extends beyond the formal research mentor-mentee relationship and encompasses a network of support that can positively impact the career trajectories and professional development of minoritized individuals. Scholars report benefits from having multiple mentoring opportunities within their institution, within the university system, and from external scholars through our mentors in residence program. “Just in time” mentoring on time-sensitive issues supplemented sustained mentoring. The inclusion of inter-institutional peers, administrators and faculty mentors enhanced this multiple mentor model. Minoritized postdoctoral scholars often have limited opportunities to receive mentorship (Yadav et al., 2020). Mentoring in dyads remains pervasive, though multiple mentors have been proposed (Deanna et al., 2022). We demonstrate that state university systems can be leveraged to provide a unique ecosystem of both short and sustained mentoring interactions that benefit minoritized postdocs without overburdening already over-worked faculty mentors. 

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3. Impact of gender on the formation and outcome of formal mentoring relationships in the life sciences

   https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001771  

   Schwartz, Leah P.; Liénard, Jean F.; David, Stephen V. (September 2022, PLOS Biology)

   Bero, Lisa (Ed.)

   Despite increasing representation in graduate training programs, a disproportionate number of women leave academic research without obtaining an independent position that enables them to train the next generation of academic researchers. To understand factors underlying this trend, we analyzed formal PhD and postdoctoral mentoring relationships in the life sciences during the years 2000 to 2020. Student and mentor gender are both associated with differences in rates of student’s continuation to positions that allow formal academic mentorship. Although trainees of women mentors are less likely to take on positions as academic mentors than trainees of men mentors, this effect is reduced substantially after controlling for several measurements of mentor status. Thus, the effect of mentor gender can be explained at least partially by gender disparities in social and financial resources available to mentors. Because trainees and mentors tend to be of the same gender, this association between mentor gender and academic continuation disproportionately impacts women trainees. On average, gender homophily in graduate training is unrelated to mentor status. A notable exception to this trend is the special case of scientists having been granted an outstanding distinction, evidenced by membership in the National Academy of Sciences, being a grantee of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, or having been awarded the Nobel Prize. This group of mentors trains men graduate students at higher rates than their most successful colleagues. These results suggest that, in addition to other factors that limit career choices for women trainees, gender inequities in mentors’ access to resources and prestige contribute to women’s attrition from independent research positions. 

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4. When perceived similarity overrides demographic similarity: examining influences on STEM students’ developmental mentor networks

   https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-024-00480-9  

   Pedersen, Rachelle; Woodcock, Anna; Schultz, P. Wesley; Hernandez, Paul R. (April 2024, International Journal of STEM Education)

   Abstract BackgroundWhile dyadic faculty–mentored relationship research currently saturates the mentoring literature, recent developments suggest the need for a broader consideration of a student's mentor network. Research taking a network approach may provide deeper insights into the formation and benefits of mentorship for undergraduate students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Utilizing Developmental Mentor Network Theory and ego-centric social network analysis, this pre-registered study evaluates how the characteristics of mentees and mentors relate to both the content of support and structure of mentor networks in a large sample of White and Hispanic/Latino(a) STEM undergraduates across 12 universities. ResultsResults were nuanced but showed that perceived psychological similarity with their mentor(s) predicted both dyadic and network average levels of mentor support (i.e., psychosocial, career, role modeling) and relational satisfaction. Furthermore, results point to homophily and engagement in undergraduate research effects on mentor network structures. ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of using a network approach to deepen our understanding of the factors (e.g., psychological similarity) that may influence the formation and maintenance of robust and diverse supportive mentoring networks. 

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5. Multiple Mentors’ Competency and Undergraduate Researchers’ Science Identity

   https://doi.org/10.18833/spur/8/2/1  

   Avondet, Callie L; Chavez, Yolanda; Grineski, Sara E; Morales, Danielle X; Collins, Timothy W (January 2025, Scholarship and Practice of Undergraduate Research)

   Research experiences are important to undergraduate academic life, and many students conducted research during the COVID-19 pandemic, amid disruptions. Undergraduate researchers receive mentorship from faculty mentors and, sometimes, postgraduate mentors. Little is known about the role of multiple mentors’ competency in the science personal-identity and science social-identity of undergraduate students. Using primary data collected in 2020 (n = 841), the authors examine both faculty and postgraduate mentor competency and the impact of COVID-19 on undergraduate researchers. Having both types of mentors is beneficial for students’ science identities unless both the faculty and postgraduate mentor exhibit low competency. COVID-19 had no discernable impacts on either science identity. Findings suggest that faculty and program directors should consider mentor training to increase competency and to involve postgraduate mentors in undergraduate research experiences. 

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