Although Borneo has received more attention from biologists than most other islands in the Malay Archipelago, many questions regarding the systematic relationships of Bornean mammals remain. Using next-generation sequencing technology, we obtained mitochondrial DNA sequences from the holotype of
Catalogue of type specimens of lice (Insecta: Psocodea: Phthiraptera) held in the Field Museum of Natural History louse collection
This paper provides a catalogue of the type specimens of lice (Insecta: Psocodea: Phthiraptera) held in the collection of the Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), Chicago, Illinois, USA. There are 178 nominal species, four of which are represented by holotype only; 14 by holotype, allotype and paratypes; 29 by holotype and paratypes; 127 by paratypes only; three by neoparatypes, and one by paralectotype. The main goal of this type catalog is to make the louse type specimens and their
metadata more readily available to biodiversity researchers.
more »
« less
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10473232
- Publisher / Repository:
- BioOne
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
- Volume:
- 168
- Issue:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 0097-3157
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 149-187
- Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
- ["Amblycera, Anoplura, chewing lice, Ischnocera, sucking lice"]
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
more » « less
Suncus ater , the only known specimen of this shrew. Several shrews collected recently in Sarawak are closely aligned, both morphologically and mitochondrially, with the holotype ofS. ater . Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial sequences indicate that theS. ater holotype and new Sarawak specimens do not belong to the genusSuncus , but instead are most closely related toPalawanosorex muscorum . Until nowPalawanosorex has been known only from the neighboring Philippine island of Palawan. Additional sequences from nuclear ultra-conserved elements from the new Sarawak specimens strongly support a sister relationship toP. muscorum . We therefore transferater toPalawanosorex . The new specimens demonstrate thatP. ater is more widespread in northern Borneo than previously recorded. Continued sampling of Bornean mammal diversity and reexamination of type material are critical in understanding the evolutionary history of the biologically rich Malay Archipelago. -
Pandolfi, L. (Ed.)Equus stenonis is one of the most prevalent European Pleistocene fossil horses. It is believed to be the possible ancestor of all Old World Early Pleistocene Equus, extant zebras and asses, and as such provides insights into Equus evolution and its biogeography and paleoecology. The Equus stenonis holotype skull (IGF560) was first described by Igino Cocchi in 1867, from the Early Pleistocene locality of Terranuova (Upper Valdarno basin, Italy). IGF560 is a nearly complete, although medio-laterally crushed and badly compressed skull. Here we provide the first application of a new virtual reconstruction protocol, termed Target Deformation, to the Equus stenonis holotype. The protocol extends beyond classic retrodeformation by using target specimens as a guide for the virtual reconstruction. The targets used as a reference are two fragmentary, yet well-preserved E. stenonis skulls, coming from Olivola (Italy; IGF11023) and Dmanisi (Georgia; Dm 5/154.3/4.A4.5), both Early Pleistocene in age. These two specimens do not display any major deformation, but preserve different, only slightly overlapping portions of the skull. The virtual reconstruction protocol we carried out has shown its feasibility, by producing two 3D models whose final morphology is perfectly congruent with the natural variability of a comparative sample of E. stenonis specimens. This study shows the potential of using even broken or otherwise fragmentary specimens to guide retrodeformation in badly distorted and damaged specimens. The application of Target Deformation will allow us to increase the availability of comparative specimens in studies of fossil species morphology and evolution, as well as to the study of taphonomic processes.more » « less
-
Abstract Peltigera globulata Miadl. & Magain, a new species in the P. ponojensis/monticola species complex of section Peltigera , is formally described. This clade was previously given the interim designation Peltigera sp. 17. It is found in sun-exposed and xeric habitats at high altitudes in Peru and Ecuador. Peltigera globulata can be easily recognized by its irregularly globulated margins covered mostly by thick, white pruina, somewhat resembling the sorediate thallus margins of P. soredians , another South American species from section Peltigera . The hypervariable region of ITS1 (ITS1-HR), which is in general highly variable among species of section Peltigera , does not have diagnostic value for species identification within the P. ponojensis/monticola complex. Nevertheless, no significant level of gene flow was detected among eight lineages representing a clade of putative species (including P. globulata ) within this complex. ITS sequences from the holotype specimens of P. monticola Vitik. (collected in 1979) and P. soredians Vitik. (collected in 1981) and lectotype specimens of P. antarctica C. W. Dodge (collected in 1941) and P. aubertii C. W. Dodge (collected in 1952) were successfully obtained through Sanger and Illumina metagenomic sequencing. BLAST results of these sequences revealed that the type specimen of P. monticola falls within the P. monticola/ponojensis 7 clade, which represents P. monticola s. str., and confirmed that the type specimen of P. aubertii falls within a clade identified previously as P. aubertii based on morphology. The ITS sequence from the type specimen of P. soredians , which superficially resembles P. globulata , confirms its placement in the P. rufescens clade. Finally, we discovered that the name P. antarctica was erroneously applied to a lineage in the P. ponojensis/monticola clade. The ITS sequence from the type specimen of P. antarctica represents a lineage within the P. rufescens clade, which is sister to the P. ponojensis/monticola clade.more » « less
-
Melanesian blindsnakes of the genus Gerrhopilus have been little collected or researched. I examined specimens assigned in museums to Gerrhopilus inornatus and found considerable morphological diversity among them that indicates the presence of multiple species. I redescribe G. inornatus (Boulenger) based on the holotype and one additional specimen, and I describe six new species among specimens currently subsumed under that name from Papua New Guinea: Gerrhopilus flavinotatus sp. nov., Gerrhopilus lorealis sp. nov., Gerrhopilus papuanorum sp. nov., Gerrhopilus polyadenus sp. nov., Gerrhopilus slapcinskyi sp. nov., and Gerrhopilus wallachi sp. nov. Each species is currently known from only 1–3 specimens, and all but two are known only from single localities. In addition to traditional information on scale counts, habitus, and color patterns, I found the numbers and distributions of epidermal glands among the head shields to be especially useful for discriminating among species. The number of recognized Melanesian Gerrhopilus has increased tremendously in recent years, but the region has been poorly sampled for these snakes, and it is to be expected that additional species will be identified at such time as surveys can more effectively target these cryptic snakes.more » « less
-
more » « less
Horologion Valentine, one of the rarest and most enigmatic carabid beetle genera in the world, was until now known only from the holotype ofHorologion speokoites Valentine, discovered in 1931 in a small cave in West Virginia. A single specimen of a new species from Virginia was collected in 1991, but overlooked until 2018. DNA sequence data from specimens of this new species,Horologion hubbardi sp. nov. , collected in 2022 and 2023, as well as a critical examination of the external morphology of both species, allow us to confidently placeHorologion in the supertribe Trechitae, within a clade containing Bembidarenini and Trechini. A more specific placement as sister to the Gondwanan Bembidarenini is supported by DNA sequence data. Previous hypotheses placingHorologion in or near the tribes Anillini, Tachyini, Trechini, Patrobini, and Psydrini are rejected. The existence of two species ofHorologion on opposite sides of the high mountains of the middle Appalachians suggests that these mountains are where the ancestralHorologion populations dispersed from, and predicts the discovery of additional populations and species. All specimens ofH. hubbardi were collected in or near drip pools, and most were found dead, suggesting that the terrestrial epikarst, rather than caves, is the true habitat ofHorologion , which explains their extreme rarity since epikarst has not been directly sampled. We recognize the tribe Horologionini, a relict lineage without any close relatives known in the Northern Hemisphere, and an important part of Appalachian biodiversity.
- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
-
Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1635/053.168.0105
