An official website of the United States government
PurposeThis paper aims to assess the feasibility of additively manufactured wind tunnel models. The additively manufactured model was used to validate a computational framework allowing the evaluation of the performance of five wing models. Design/methodology/approachAn optimized fighter wing was additively manufactured and tested in a low-speed wind tunnel to obtain the aerodynamic coefficients and deflections at different speeds and angles of attack. The flexible wing model with optimized curvilinear spars and ribs was used to validate a finite element framework that was used to study the aeroelastic performance of five wing models. As a computationally efficient optimization method, homogenization-based topology optimization was used to generate four different lattice internal structures for the wing in this study. The efficiency of the spline-based optimization used for the spar-rib model and the lattice-based optimization used for the other four wings were compared. FindingsThe aerodynamic loads and displacements obtained experimentally and computationally were in good agreement, proving that additive manufacture can be used to create complex accurate models. The study also shows the efficiency of the homogenization-based topology optimization framework in generating designs with superior stiffness. Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time a wing model with curvilinear spars and ribs was additively manufactured as a single piece and tested in a wind tunnel. This research also demonstrates the efficiency of homogenization-based topology optimization in generating enhanced models of different complexity.
more »
« less
Inducing Stratification of Colloidal Mixtures with a Mixed Binary Solvent
Molecular dynamics simulations are used to demonstrate that a binary solvent can be used to stratify colloidal mixtures when the suspension is rapidly dried.
more »
« less
- Award ID(s):
- 1944887
- PAR ID:
- 10475165
- Publisher / Repository:
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Soft Matter
- ISSN:
- 1744-683X
- Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
- Evaporation Colloids Stratification Binary Solvent
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
-
Shade, Ashley (Ed.)Different methods are commonly used to assign core microbiome membership, leading to methodological inconsistencies across studies. In this study, we review a set of the most commonly used core microbiome assignment methods and compare their core assignments using both simulated and empirical data.more » « less
-
Abstract Geophysical methods have long been used in earth and environmental science for the characterization of subsurface properties. While imaging the subsurface opens the “black box” of subsurface heterogeneity, we argue here that these tools can be used in a more powerful way than characterization, which is to develop and test hypotheses. Critical zone science has opened new questions and hypotheses in the hydrologic sciences holistically around controls on water fluxes between surface, biological, and underground compartments. While groundwater flows can be monitored in boreholes, water fluxes from the atmosphere to the aquifer through the soil and the root system are more complex to study than boreholes can inform upon. Here, we focus on the successful application of various geophysical tools to explore hypotheses in critical zone hydrogeology and highlight areas where future contributions could be made. Specifically, we look at questions around subsurface structural controls on flow, the dimensionality and partitioning of those flows in the subsurface, plant water uptake, and how geophysics may be used to constrain reactive transport. We also outline areas of future research that may push the boundaries of how geophysical methods are used to quantify critical zone complexity. This article is categorized under:Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater EcosystemsScience of Water > Hydrological ProcessesWater and Life > Methodsmore » « less
-
Abstract Global climate change is causing more frequent and severe droughts, which can have negative impacts on plant growth and crop productivity. Under drought conditions, plants produce the hormone ABA (abscisic acid), which regulates adaptive responses, such as stomatal closure and root elongation. Plant viruses have been used in the lab to convey new traits to plants and could also be used to increase production of ABA or to enhance downstream plant drought resistance responses.In this study, foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV) was used to silenceZmPP2C‐A10, a negative regulator of ABA signalling, in maize (Zea maysL.). Both silenced and control plants were exposed to an 8‐day drought treatment, followed by a 30‐day period of rewatering, after which indicators of drought resistance were measured.After drought treatment, we observed a nearly twofold increase in expression of a stress‐mitigation gene,ZmRAB17, reduced chlorophyll fluorescence changes (indicator of stress), and increased plant biomass and development in theZmPP2C‐A10‐silenced maize compared to controls.These results demonstrate that the FoMV system can be used to silence endogenous expression ofZmPP2C‐A10and increase maize tolerance to drought. This could offer a useful tool to improve crop traits and reduce yield loss during the growing season.more » « less
- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
-
Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SM01192E
