Canopy‐snow unloading is the complex physical process of snow unloading from the canopy through meltwater drip, sublimation to the atmosphere, or solid snow unloading to the snowpack below. This process is difficult to parameterize due to limited observations. Time‐lapse photographs of snow in the canopy were characterized by citizen scientists to create a data set of snow interception observations at multiple locations across the western United States. This novel interception data set was used to evaluate three snow unloading parameterizations in the Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternatives (SUMMA) modular hydrologic modeling framework. SUMMA was modified to include a third snow unloading parameterization, termed Wind‐Temperature (Roesch et al., 2001,
Wave breaking induced bubbles contribute a significant part of air‐sea gas fluxes. Recent modeling of the sea state dependent CO2flux found that bubbles contribute up to ∼40% of the total CO2air‐sea fluxes (Reichl & Deike, 2020,
- Award ID(s):
- 2121646
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10477516
- Publisher / Repository:
- DOI PREFIX: 10.1029
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Earth and Space Science
- Volume:
- 10
- Issue:
- 11
- ISSN:
- 2333-5084
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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