We present sea ice temperature and salinity data from first-year ice (FYI) and second-year ice (SYI) relevant to the temporal development of sea ice permeability and brine drainage efficiency from the early growth phase in October 2019 to the onset of spring warming in May 2020. Our dataset was collected in the central Arctic Ocean during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Expedition in 2019 to 2020. MOSAiC was an international transpolar drift expedition in which the German icebreaker RV Polarstern anchored into an ice floe to gain new insights into Arctic climate over a full annual cycle. In October 2019, RV Polarstern moored to an ice floe in the Siberian sector of the Arctic at 85 degrees north and 137 degrees east to begin the drift towards the North Pole and the Fram Strait via the Transpolar Drift Stream. The data presented here were collected during the first three legs of the expedition, so all the coring activities took place on the same floe. The end dates of legs 1, 2, and 3 were 13 December, 24 February, and 4 June, respectively. The dataset contributed to a baseline study entitled, Deciphering the properties of different Arctic ice types during the growth phase of the MOSAiC floes: Implications for future studies. The study highlights downward directed gas pathways in FYI and SYI by inferring sea ice permeability and potential brine release from several time series of temperature and salinity measurements. The physical properties presented in this paper lay the foundation for subsequent analyses on actual gas contents measured in the ice cores, as well as air-ice and ice-ocean gas fluxes. Sea ice cores were collected with a Kovacs Mark II 9 cm diameter corer. To measure ice temperatures, about 4.5 cm deep holes were drilled into the core (intervals varied by site and leg) . The temperatures were measured by a digital thermometer within minutes after the cores were retrieved. The ice cores were placed into pre-labelled plastic sleeves sealed at the bottom end. The ice cores were transported to RV Polarstern and stored in a -20 degrees Celsius freezer. Each of the cores was sub-sampled, melted at room temperature, and processed for salinity within one or two days. The practical salinity was estimated by measuring the electrical conductivity and temperature of the melted samples using a WTW Cond 3151 salinometer equipped with a Tetra-Con 325 four-electrode conductivity cell. The practical salinity represents the the salinity estimated from the electrical conductivity of the solution. The dataset also contains derived variables, including sea ice density, brine volume fraction, and the Rayleigh number.
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Methane In-Situ and In-Vitro Data in Seawater, Sea Ice, and Meltwater from the Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), October 2019 - October 2020
This data has been collected and processed as part of the MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition. MOSAiC is a collaborative initiative led by the Alfred Wegener Institute and has received substantial funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, as well as the US National Science Foundation, Department of Energy, NOAA, and NASA. Numerous other international agencies and institutions have also made significant contributions. The primary objective of this program was to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the evolving Arctic over the course of a year. The expedition took place from October 2019 to October 2020 and was conducted aboard the Research Vessel Ice Breaker (RVIB) Polarstern, involving participants from 20 nations.
As part of this submission, we are presenting five distinct datasets. Two of these datasets are related to seawater, two pertain to meltwater, and one pertains to sea ice. The "in-situ" datasets provide information on dissolved methane concentrations and isotope ratios, while the "in-vitro" datasets offer insights into potential methane oxidation rate constants. In the case of sea ice, only "in-vitro" data was collected, as discrete measurements were obtained from another research group.
These datasets are the result of the project titled "Collaborative Research: Quantifying microbial controls on the annual cycle of methane and oxygen within the ultraoligotrophic Central Arctic during MOSAiC." The aim of this study was to assess the marine methane metabolism during a one-year period in the Central Arctic Ocean. The results have provided insights into the biogeography of methane hotspots, both in terms of production and oxidation.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1821911
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10483264
- Publisher / Repository:
- NSF Arctic Data Center
- Date Published:
- Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
- ["Marine dissolved methane","Methane oxidation rate potential","MOSAiC","Seawater","Meltwater","Sea Ice"]
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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