Although plant microbiome assembly involves a series of both plant–microbe and microbe–microbe interactions, the latter is less often directly tested. Here, we investigate a role for Streptomyces strains to influence assembly of other bacteria into root microbiomes through the use of two synthetic communities (SynComs): a 21-member community including four Streptomyces strains and a 17-member community lacking those Streptomyces strains. Following inoculation with these SynComs on wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0, differential abundance modeling on root endosphere 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing data revealed altered abundance of four diverse SynCom members: Arthrobacter sp. 131, Agrobacterium sp. 33, Burkholderia sp. CL11, and Ralstonia sp. CL21. Modeling results were tested by seedling coinoculation experiments with the four Streptomyces strains and differentially abundant members, which confirmed the predicted decreased abundance for Arthrobacter sp. 131, Agrobacterium sp. 33, and Ralstonia sp. CL21 when Streptomyces strains were present. We further characterized how the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) mediates Streptomyces strains’ influence over Agrobacterium sp. 33 and Burkholderia sp. CL11 seedling colonization. Although decreased colonization of Ralstonia sp. CL21 and Arthrobacter sp. 131 when Streptomyces spp. are present were not influenced by SA, direct antibiosis of Arthrobacter sp. 131 by Streptomyces was observed. These results highlight a role for Streptomyces-mediated microbial interactions during plant root microbiome assembly as well as distinct mechanisms that mediate them. Understanding the role of microbial interactions during microbiome assembly will inform the production of beneficial microbial treatments for use in agricultural fields. 
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                            Evaluation of ready-to-use freezer stocks of a synthetic microbial community for maize root colonization
                        
                    
    
            ABSTRACT Synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) are a valuable tool to study community assembly patterns, host–microbe interactions, and microbe–microbe interactions in a fully controllable setting. Constructing the SynCom inocula for plant–microbe experiments can be time-consuming and difficult because a large number of isolates with different medium requirements and growth rates are grown in parallel and mixed to appropriate titers. A potential workaround to assembling fresh SynCom inocula for every experiment could be to prepare and freeze SynComs on a large scale, creating ready-to-use inocula. The objective of this study was to compare the reproducibility, stability, and colonization ability of freshly prepared versus frozen SynCom inocula. We used a community of seven species known to colonize maize roots. The results from inoculation with the frozen SynCom were as consistent as those of standardizedde novoconstruction of fresh SynCom. Our results indicate that creating frozen SynCom inocula for repeated use in experiments not only saves time but could also improve cross-experiment reproducibility. Although this approach was only validated with one SynCom, it demonstrates a principle that can be tested for improving approaches in constructing other SynComs. IMPORTANCESynthetic communities (SynComs) are an invaluable tool to characterize and model plant–microbe interactions. Multimember SynComs approximate intricate real-world interactions between plants and their microbiome, but the complexity and time required for their construction increase enormously for each additional member added to the SynCom. Therefore, researchers who study a diversity of microbiomes using SynComs are looking for ways to simplify the use of SynComs. In this manuscript, we evaluate the feasibility of creating ready-to-use freezer stocks of a well-studied seven-member SynCom for maize roots. The frozen ready-to-use SynCom stocks work according to the principle of “just add buffer and apply to sterilized seeds or seedlings” and thus can save time applied in multiple days of laborious growing and combining of multiple microorganisms. We show that ready-to-use SynCom stocks provide comparable results to those of freshly constructed SynComs and thus allow for significant time savings when working with SynComs. 
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                            - Award ID(s):
- 2033621
- PAR ID:
- 10483366
- Editor(s):
- Hockett, Kevin Loren
- Publisher / Repository:
- Microbiology Spectrum
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Microbiology Spectrum
- ISSN:
- 2165-0497
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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