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1. Liquid metal nanocomposites

   https://doi.org/10.1039/d0na00148a  

   Malakooti, Mohammad H.; Bockstaller, Michael R.; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof; Majidi, Carmel (July 2020, Nanoscale Advances)

   Liquid metal (LM) has attracted tremendous interest over the past decade for its enabling combination of high electrical and thermal conductivity and low mechanical compliance and viscosity. Efforts to harness LM in electronics, robotics, and biomedical applications have largely involved methods to encapsulate the liquid so that it can support functionality without leaking or smearing. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in LM “nanocomposites” in which either liquid metal is mixed with metallic nanoparticles or nanoscale droplets of liquid metal are suspended within a soft polymer matrix. Both of these material systems represent an important step towards utilizing liquid metal for breakthrough applications. In this minireview, we present a brief overview of recent progress over the past few years in methods to synthesize LM nanomaterials and utilize them as transducers for sensing, actuation, and energy harvesting. In particular, we focus on techniques for stable synthesis of LM nanodroplets, suspension of nanodroplets within various matrix materials, and methods for incorporating metallic nanoparticles within an LM matrix. 

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2. Flexible Liquid-Metal-Tuned Absorber

   https://doi.org/10.1109/AP-S/USNC-URSI47032.2022.9887150  

   Xu, Kevin; Li, Zhi; Choi, Jun H. (July 2022, Digest IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium)
3. Redox-mediated electrochemical liquid–liquid extraction for selective metal recovery

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s44286-024-00049-x  

   Cotty, Stephen R; Faniyan, Aderiyike; Elbert, Johannes; Su, Xiao (April 2024, Nature Chemical Engineering)
4. Robotic Antennas Using Liquid Metal Origami

   https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400190  

   Mishra, Anand_K; Russo, Nicholas_E; An, Hyeon_Seok; Zekios, Constantinos_L; Georgakopoulos, Stavros_V; Shepherd, Robert_F (June 2024, Advanced Intelligent Systems)

   Two of the main challenges in origami antenna designs are creating a reliable hinge and achieving precise actuation for optimal electromagnetic (EM) performance. Herein, a waterbomb origami ring antenna is introduced, integrating the waterbomb origami principle, 3D‐printed liquid metal (LM) hinges, and robotic shape morphing. The approach, combining 3D printing, robotic actuation, and innovative antenna design, enables various origami folding patterns, enhancing both portability and EM performance. This antenna's functionality has been successfully demonstrated, displaying its communication capabilities with another antenna and its ability to navigate narrow spaces on a remote‐controlled wheel robot. The 3D‐printed LM hinge exhibits low DC resistance (200 ± 1.6 mΩ) at both flat and folded state, and, with robotic control, the antenna achieves less than 1° folding angle accuracy and a 66% folding area ratio. The antenna operates in two modes at 2.08 and 2.4 GHz, ideal for fixed mobile use and radiolocation. Through extensive simulations and experiments, the antenna is evaluated in both flat and folded states, focusing on resonant frequency, gain patterns, and hinge connectivity. The findings confirm that the waterbomb origami ring antenna consistently maintains EM performance during folding and unfolding, with stable resonant frequencies and gain patterns, proving the antenna's reliability and adaptability for use in portable and mobile devices. 

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5. Continuous Liquid Metal Printing for Rapid Metal Oxide TFT Integration

   https://doi.org/10.1109/EDTM55494.2023.10102933  

   Scheideler, William J.; Hamlin, Andrew B.; Ye, Youxiong; Agnew, Simon (March 2023, 2023 7th IEEE Electron Devices Technology & Manufacturing Conference (EDTM))

   We present a rapid liquid metal printing process (CLMP) enabling fabrication of high-mobility metal oxide semiconducting channels in less than 3 seconds. We use this process to engineer heterostructure TFTs with channels consisting of 3 nm layers of In2O3 and Ga2O3 with improved subthreshold slope and enhanced on-state performance (uave∼14cm2/Vs) . We report the influence of deposition temperature and speed, investigating crystallinity and grain morphology of this class of 2D oxide semiconductors. 

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