The aim of this study was to investigate possible sodium triple‐quantum (TQ) signal dependence on pH variation and protein unfolding which may happen
Both sodium
The IRTQTPPI sequence combines inversion recovery TQ filtering and time proportional phase increment. The reliable and reproducible results were achieved by the pulse sequence optimized in three ways: (1) optimization of the nonlinear fit for the determination of both
Reliable measurements of the
The IRTQTPPI sequence, while providing a less intensive TQ signal than TQTPPI, allows a simultaneous and reliable quantification of both the
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10487383
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- NMR in Biomedicine
- ISSN:
- 0952-3480
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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in vivo. The model system, composed of bovine serum albumin (BSA), was investigated over a wide pH range of 0.70 to 13.05 and during urea‐induced unfolding. In both experimental series, the sodium and BSA concentration were kept constant so that TQ signal changes solely arose from an environmental change. The experiments were performed using unique potential to detect weak TQ signals by implementing a TQ time proportional phase increment pulse sequence. At a pH of 0.70, in which case the effect of the negatively charged groups was minimized, the minimum TQ percentage relative to single‐quantum of 1.34% ± 0.05% was found. An increase of the pH up to 13.05 resulted in an increase of the sodium TQ signal by 225%. Urea‐induced unfolding of BSA, without changes in pH, led to a smaller increase in the sodium TQ signal of up to 40%. The state of BSA unfolding was verified by fluorescence microscopy. Results of both experiments were well fitted by sigmoid functions. Both TQ signal increases were in agreement with an increase of the availability of negatively charged groups. The results point to vital contributions of the biochemical environment to the TQ MR signals. The sodium TQ signalin vivo could be a valuable biomarker of cell viability, and therefore possible effects of pH and protein unfolding need to be considered for a proper interpretation of changes in sodium TQ signals. -
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This study introduces a technique called cine magnetic resonance fingerprinting (cine‐MRF) for simultaneous T1, T2and ejection fraction (EF) quantification. Data acquired with a free‐running MRF sequence are retrospectively sorted into different cardiac phases using an external electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. A low‐rank reconstruction with a finite difference sparsity constraint along the cardiac motion dimension yields images resolved by cardiac phase. To improve SNR and precision in the parameter maps, these images are nonrigidly registered to the same phase and matched to a dictionary to generate T1and T2maps. Cine images for computing left ventricular volumes and EF are also derived from the same data. Cine‐MRF was tested in simulations using a numerical relaxation phantom. Phantom and in vivo scans of 19 subjects were performed at 3 T during a 10.9 seconds breath‐hold with an in‐plane resolution of 1.6 x 1.6 mm2and 24 cardiac phases. Left ventricular EF values obtained with cine‐MRF agreed with the conventional cine images (mean bias −1.0%). Average myocardial T1times in diastole/systole were 1398/1391 ms with cine‐MRF, 1394/1378 ms with ECG‐triggered cardiac MRF (cMRF) and 1234/1212 ms with MOLLI; and T2values were 30.7/30.3 ms with cine‐MRF, 32.6/32.9 ms with ECG‐triggered cMRF and 37.6/41.0 ms with T2‐prepared FLASH. Cine‐MRF and ECG‐triggered cMRF relaxation times were in good agreement. Cine‐MRF T1values were significantly longer than MOLLI, and cine‐MRF T2values were significantly shorter than T2‐prepared FLASH. In summary, cine‐MRF can potentially streamline cardiac MRI exams by combining left ventricle functional assessment and T1‐T2mapping into one time‐efficient acquisition.
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Purpose To develop and evaluate a cardiac phase‐resolved myocardial T1mapping sequence.
Methods The proposed method for temporally resolved parametric assessment of Z‐magnetization recovery (TOPAZ) is based on contiguous fast low‐angle shot imaging readout after magnetization inversion from the pulsed steady state. Thereby, segmented k‐space data are acquired over multiple heartbeats, before reaching steady state. This results in sampling of the inversion‐recovery curve for each heart phase at multiple points separated by an R‐R interval. Joint T1and
estimation is performed for reconstruction of cardiac phase‐resolved T1and maps. Sequence parameters are optimized using numerical simulations. Phantom and in vivo imaging are performed to compare the proposed sequence to a spin‐echo reference and saturation pulse prepared heart rate–independent inversion‐recovery (SAPPHIRE) T1mapping sequence in terms of accuracy and precision. Results In phantom, TOPAZ T1values with integrated
correction are in good agreement with spin‐echo T1values (normalized root mean square error = 4.2%) and consistent across the cardiac cycle (coefficient of variation = 1.4 ± 0.78%) and different heart rates (coefficient of variation = 1.2 ± 1.9%). In vivo imaging shows no significant difference in TOPAZ T1times between the cardiac phases (analysis of variance: P = 0.14, coefficient of variation = 3.2 ± 0.8%), but underestimation compared with SAPPHIRE (T1time ± precision: 1431 ± 56 ms versus 1569 ± 65 ms). In vivo precision is comparable to SAPPHIRE T1mapping until middiastole (P > 0.07), but deteriorates in the later phases.Conclusions The proposed sequence allows cardiac phase‐resolved T1mapping with integrated
assessment at a temporal resolution of 40 ms. Magn Reson Med 79:2087–2100, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. -
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Abstract Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) increases NMR sensitivity by transferring polarization from electron to nuclear spins. Herein, we demonstrate that electron decoupling with chirped microwave pulses enables improved observation of DNP‐enhanced13C spins in direct dipolar contact with electron spins, thereby leading to an optimal delay between transients largely governed by relatively fast electron relaxation. We report the first measurement of electron longitudinal relaxation time (T1e) during magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR by observation of DNP‐enhanced NMR signals (T1e=40±6 ms, 40 m
M trityl, 4.0 kHz MAS, 4.3 K). With a 5 ms DNP period, electron decoupling results in a 195 % increase in signal intensity. MAS at 4.3 K, DNP, electron decoupling, and short recycle delays improve the sensitivity of13C in the vicinity of the polarizing agent. This is the first demonstration of recovery times between MAS‐NMR transients being governed by short electron T1and fast DNP transfer. -
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Abstract Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) increases NMR sensitivity by transferring polarization from electron to nuclear spins. Herein, we demonstrate that electron decoupling with chirped microwave pulses enables improved observation of DNP‐enhanced13C spins in direct dipolar contact with electron spins, thereby leading to an optimal delay between transients largely governed by relatively fast electron relaxation. We report the first measurement of electron longitudinal relaxation time (T1e) during magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR by observation of DNP‐enhanced NMR signals (T1e=40±6 ms, 40 m
M trityl, 4.0 kHz MAS, 4.3 K). With a 5 ms DNP period, electron decoupling results in a 195 % increase in signal intensity. MAS at 4.3 K, DNP, electron decoupling, and short recycle delays improve the sensitivity of13C in the vicinity of the polarizing agent. This is the first demonstration of recovery times between MAS‐NMR transients being governed by short electron T1and fast DNP transfer.
