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1. Stuck on Intergroup Attitudes: The Need to Shift Gears to Change Intergroup Behaviors

   https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231185775  

   Brauer, Markus (July 2023, Perspectives on Psychological Science)

   Decades of research on how to improve intergroup relations have primarily examined ways to change prejudiced attitudes. However, this focus on negative intergroup attitudes has yielded few effective solutions. Because intergroup relations are shaped by behavior during intergroup interactions, it is necessary to identify constructs that have a strong causal impact on intergroup behavior change. In this article, I will discuss evidence showing that intergroup attitude change is neither a sufficient nor necessary cause for intergroup behavior change. Empirical research suggests that intergroup attitudes are difficult to change and have a limited effect on intergroup behavior. I also distinguish between constructs that primarily affect intergroup attitude change (e.g., counterstereotypical exemplars, evaluative conditioning) and constructs that primarily affect intergroup behavior change (e.g., social norms, self-efficacy). Further, suggestions for future research will also be provided to advance understanding of the various psychological constructs that influence intergroup behavior change, which will help us develop effective methods of improving intergroup relations. 

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2. Minority children's intergroup attitudes about peer relationships

   https://doi.org/10.1348/026151005X26075  

   Margie, Nancy Geyelin; Killen, Melanie; Sinno, Stefanie; McGlothlin, Heidi (June 2005, British Journal of Developmental Psychology)
3. European-American children's intergroup attitudes about peer relationships

   https://doi.org/10.1348/026151005x26101  

   McGlothlin, Heidi; Killen, Melanie; Edmonds, Christina (June 2005, British Journal of Developmental Psychology)
4. Social Exclusion in Childhood: A Developmental Intergroup Perspective

   https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12012  

   Killen, Melanie; Mulvey, Kelly Lynn; Hitti, Aline (May 2013, Child Development)
5. Google is Free: Moral Evaluations of Intergroup Curiosity

   https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672231180149  

   Mosley, Ariel_J; Solomon, Larisa_Heiphetz (July 2023, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin)

   Two experiments investigated how evaluations of intergroup curiosity differed depending on whether people placed responsibility for their learning on themselves or on outgroup members. In Study 1, participants ( n = 340; 51% White-American, 49% Black-American) evaluated White actors who were curious about Black culture and placed responsibility on outgroup members to teach versus on themselves to learn. Both Black and White participants rated the latter actors as more moral, and perceptions of effort mediated this effect. A follow-up preregistered study ( n = 513; 75% White-American) asked whether perceptions of greater effort cause greater perceptions of moral goodness. Replicating Study 1, participants rated actors as more moral when they placed responsibility on themselves versus others. Participants also rated actors as more moral when they exerted high versus low effort. These results clarify when and why participants view curiosity as morally good and help to strengthen bridges between work on curiosity, moral cognition, and intergroup relations. 

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