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Title: LINKING TETON AND EAST GALLATIN FAULT MOTION ACROSS THE YELLOWSTONE HOTSPOT TRACK, WYOMING, USA: IMPLICATIONS FOR ONGOING EXTENSION BENEATH YELLOWSTONE AND THE NORTHERN CONTINUATION OF THE ACTIVE TETON FAULT
Award ID(s):
1932808
PAR ID:
10491040
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Corporate Creator(s):
Publisher / Repository:
Geological Society of America
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
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  1. Wöfler, Andreas (Ed.)
    Abstract Classically held mechanisms for removing mountain topography (e.g., erosion and gravitational collapse) require 10-100 Myr or more to completely remove tectonically generated relief. Here, we propose that mountain ranges can be completely and rapidly (<2 Myr) removed by a migrating hotspot. In western North America, multiple mountain ranges, including the Teton Range, terminate at the boundary with the relatively low relief track of the Yellowstone hotspot. This abrupt transition leads to a previously untested hypothesis that preexisting mountainous topography along the track has been erased. We integrate thermochronologic data collected from the footwall of the Teton fault with flexural-kinematic modeling and length-displacement scaling to show that the paleo-Teton fault and associated Teton Range was much longer (min. original length 190-210 km) than the present topographic expression of the range front (~65 km) and extended across the modern-day Yellowstone hotspot track. These analyses also indicate that the majority of fault displacement (min. 11.4-12.6 km) and the associated footwall mountain range growth had accumulated prior to Yellowstone encroachment at ~2 Ma, leading us to interpret that eastward migration of the Yellowstone hotspot relative to stable North America led to removal of the paleo-Teton mountain topography via posteruptive collapse of the range following multiple supercaldera (VEI 8) eruptions from 2.0 Ma to 600 ka and/or an isostatic collapse response, similar to ranges north of the Snake River plain. While this extremely rapid removal of mountain ranges and adjoining basins is probably relatively infrequent in the geologic record, it has important implications for continental physiography and topography over very short time spans. 
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  3. Landscape disturbance events (e.g., earthquakes, slope failures) play key roles in landscape evolution in tectonically active areas. Along the Teton fault, fault scarps vary in height by up to tens of meters. LiDAR-based mapping indicates that scarp height is affected by glacial geomorphology, slope failure, and alluvial processes. LiDAR data, digital and field mapping were used to characterize fault scarps and slope failure deposits along the Teton fault zone. Based on vertical separation (VS; the vertical offset between faulted surfaces) across fault scarps and the expected behavior of normal faults, we propose a four-section model of the Teton fault. At a broad scale, VS is greatest along the southern fault zone. At a finer scale, VS is least at the ends of the fault and at three areas within the central fault zone. Transitions between these four sections may represent segment boundaries with potentially important implications for geohazards assessment. 
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