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1. North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Water Temperature Data - Lake Mendota Buoy 2006 - current

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/2d6db053cfe03be2ddd3fbc0d86a6fb3  

   Magnuson, John J; Carpenter, Stephen R; Stanley, Emily H (January 2023, Environmental Data Initiative)

   The instrumented buoy on Lake Mendota is equipped with a thermistor chain that measures water temperature. In 2006, the thermistors were placed every half-meter from the surface through 7m, and every meter from 7m to 15m. Since 2007, the thermistors were placed every half-meter from the surface through 2m, and every meter from 2m to 20m. The sensor at the water surface is as close to the surface as feasible. A list of sensors used since the first deployment in 2006 is provided as a downloadable CSV file. Hourly and daily water temperature averages are computed from high resolution (1 minute) data. Sampling Frequency: one minute. Number of sites: 1. Location lat/long: 43.0995, -89.4045 

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2. An Observational and Modeling Study of Inverse‐Temperature Layer and Water Surface Heat Flux

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL104358  

   Wang, Jingfeng; Liu, Heping; Shen, Lian (August 2023, Geophysical Research Letters)

   Abstract An “inverse‐temperature layer” (ITL) of water temperature increasing with depth is predicted based on physical principles and confirmed by in situ observations. Water temperature and other meteorological data were collected from a fixed platform in the middle of a shallow inland lake. The ITL persists year‐around with its depth on the order of one m varying diurnally and seasonally and shallower during daytimes than nighttimes. Water surface heat flux derived from the ITL temperature distribution follows the diurnal cycle of solar radiation up to 300 W m⁻²during daytime and down to 50 W m⁻²during nighttime. Solar radiation attenuation in water strongly influences the ITL dynamics and water surface heat flux. Water surface heat flux simulated by two non‐gradient models independent of temperature gradient, wind speed and surface roughness using the data of surface temperature and solar radiation is in close agreement with the ITL based estimates. 

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3. Time series of high-frequency sensor data measuring water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, specific conductance, total dissolved solids, chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, fluorescent dissolved organic matter, turbidity at discrete depths, and water level in Beaverdam Reservoir, Virginia, USA in 2009-2023

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/31bb6047e0ac367c60a61884338799c4  

   Carey, Cayelan C; Breef-Pilz, Adrienne; Delany, Austin D; Hounshell, Alexandria G; Lewis, Abigail SL; Wander, Heather L; Haynie, George; Kricheldorf, Michael; Tipper, Evelyn (April 2024, Environmental Data Initiative)

   We monitored water level and water quality in Beaverdam Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia, USA, 37.31288, -79.8159) with visual observations and high-frequency (10-minute and 15-minute) sensors in 2009-2023. All variables were measured at the deepest site of the reservoir adjacent to the dam. Beaverdam Reservoir is owned and managed by the Western Virginia Water Authority as a secondary drinking water source for Roanoke, Virginia. This data package is comprised of three datasets: 1) BVR_WaterLevel_2009_2023.csv, 2) BVRSensorString_2016_2020.csv, and 3) BVRPlatform_2020_2023.csv. 1) BVR_WaterLevel_2009_2023.csv contains water level observations of the staff gauge by both the Western Virginia Water Authority and the Virginia Tech Reservoir Group LTREB field crew. This dataset spans 2009 to 2023, with data collection still ongoing. 2) BVRSensorString_2016_2020.csv consists of a water temperature profile at ~1-meter intervals from the surface of the reservoir to 10.5 m below the water, complemented by a dissolved oxygen logger at 5 m or 10 m, depending on the time of year. A sonde measuring water temperature, conductivity, specific conductance, chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, fluorescent dissolved organic matter, and turbidity was additionally deployed at ~1.5 m depth. This dataset spans 2016 to 2020, with no additional data collection beyond the last observation. The third dataset is BVRPlatform_2020_2023.csv, with data collection still ongoing. This dataset contains: a) a temperature string with 13 temperature sensors deployed ~1 m apart from the surface to 0.5 m above the sediments of the reservoir; b) two dissolved oxygen sensors, one in the middle of the string and one sensor above the sediments; and c) a pressure sensor just above the sediments. The same sonde from the first 2016-2020 dataset is also included in this 2020-2023 dataset, deployed at 1.5 m below the surface. The sensors on the temperature string (thermistors, dissolved oxygen sensors, and pressure sensor) are permanently fixed to the platform and do not change with the water level. In the methods, we describe how to add a depth measurement to each observation. 

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4. Time series of high-frequency sensor data measuring water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, specific conductance, total dissolved solids, chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, fluorescent dissolved organic matter, and turbidity at discrete depths in Beaverdam Reservoir, Virginia, USA in 2016-2022

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/4182de376fde52e15d493fdd9f26d0c7  

   Carey, Cayelan C.; Breef-Pilz, Adrienne; Bookout, Bethany J.; McClure, Ryan P.; Wynne, Jacob H. (February 2023, Environmental Data Initiative)

   We monitored water quality in Beaverdam Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia, USA, 37.31288, -79.8159) with high-frequency (10-minute and 15-minute) sensors in 2016-2022. All variables were measured at the deepest site of the reservoir adjacent to the dam. Beaverdam Reservoir is owned and managed by the Western Virginia Water Authority as a secondary drinking water source for Roanoke, Virginia. This data package is comprised of 2 data sets: BVR_sensor_string_2016_2020.csv and BVR_platform_data_2020_2022.csv. BVR_sensor_string_2016_2022.csv consists of a temperature profile at ~1-meter intervals from the surface of the reservoir to 10.5 m below the water, complemented by a dissolved oxygen logger at 5 m or 10 m depending on the time of year. A sonde measuring temperature, conductivity, specific conductance, chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, fluorescent dissolved organic matter, and turbidity was deployed at ~1.5 m depth. This initial data set spans 2016 to 2020, with no additional data collection beyond the last observation. The second data set is BVR_platform_data_2020_2022.csv, with data collection still ongoing. This data set contains 1) a temperature string with 13 temperature sensors ~1 m apart from the surface to 0.5 m above the sediments of the reservoir; 2) two oxygen sensors, one in the middle of the string and one sensor above the sediments; and 3) a pressure sensor just above the sediments. The same sonde from the first 2016-2020 data set is also included in this 2020-2022 data set, deployed at 1.5 m below the surface. The temperature string with the thermistors, dissolved oxygen sensor, and pressure sensor are permanently fixed to the platform and water level changes around them. In the methods we describe how to add a depth measurement to each observation. 

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5. Time series of high-frequency sensor data measuring water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, specific conductance, total dissolved solids, chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, fluorescent dissolved organic matter, and turbidity at discrete depths, and water level in Beaverdam Reservoir, Virginia, USA in 2009-2024

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/8f666b34c120aa5d2242964cf3147f90  

   Carey, Cayelan C; Breef-Pilz, Adrienne (January 2025, Environmental Data Initiative)

   We monitored water level and water quality in Beaverdam Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia, USA, 37.31288, -79.8159) with visual observations and high-frequency (10- to 15-minute resolution) sensors in 2009-2024. All variables were measured at the deepest site of the reservoir adjacent to the dam. Beaverdam Reservoir is owned and managed by the Western Virginia Water Authority as a secondary drinking water source for Roanoke, Virginia. This data package is comprised of three datasets: 1) bvre-waterlevel_2009_2024.csv, 2) bvre-sensorstring_2016_2020.csv, and 3) bvre-waterquality_2020_2024.csv. 1) bvre-waterlevel_2009_2024.csv contains water level observations of the staff gauge at a platform near the reservoir's dam by both the Western Virginia Water Authority and the Virginia Tech Reservoir Group LTREB field crew. This dataset spans 2009 to 2024, with data collection still ongoing. 2) bvre-sensorstring_2016_2020.csv consists of a water temperature profile at ~1-meter intervals from the surface of the reservoir to 10.5 m below the water, complemented by intermittent data collected by a dissolved oxygen logger deployed at 5 m or 10 m. A sonde measuring water temperature, conductivity, specific conductance, chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, fluorescent dissolved organic matter, and turbidity was additionally deployed at ~1.5 m depth. This dataset spans 2016 to 2020, with no additional data collection beyond the last observation. The third dataset is bvre-waterquality_2020_2024.csv, with data collection still ongoing. This dataset contains: a) a temperature string with 13 temperature sensors deployed ~1 m apart from the surface to 0.5 m above the sediments of the reservoir; b) two dissolved oxygen sensors, one in the middle of the string and one sensor above the sediments; and c) a pressure sensor just above the sediments. The same sonde from the first 2016-2020 dataset is also included in this 2020-2024 dataset, still deployed at ~1.5 m below the surface. The sensors on the temperature string (thermistors, dissolved oxygen sensors, and pressure sensor) are permanently fixed to the platform and do not change with the water level. In the methods, we describe how to add a depth measurement to each observation. 

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