Title: Assessing formic and acetic acid emissions and chemistry in western U.S. wildfire smoke: implications for atmospheric modeling
Rapid production of formic acid in biomass burning smoke is not captured by the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) nor simplified GEOS-Chem chemistry, likely due to missing secondary chemical production. more »« less
Ciriminna, Rosaria; Laine, Richard M; Pagliaro, Mario
(, ChemSusChem)
Ross, H
(Ed.)
Abstract This study offers an updated bioeconomy perspective on biobased routes to high‐purity silicon and silica in the context of the societal, economic and environmental trends reshaping chemical processes. We summarize the main aspects of the green chemistry technologies capable of transforming current production methods. Coincidentally, we discuss selected industrial and economic aspects. Finally, we offer perspectives of how said technologies could/will reshape current chemical and energy production.
Abstract To meet the need for environmentally friendly commodity chemicals, feedstocks for biological chemical production must be diversified. Lignocellulosic biomass are an carbon source with the potential for effective use in a large scale and cost-effective production systems. Although the use of lignocellulosic biomass lysates for heterotrophic chemical production has been advancing, there are challenges to overcome. Here we aim to investigate the obligate photoautotroph cyanobacteriumSynechococcus elongatusPCC 7942 as a chassis organism for lignocellulosic chemical production. When modified to import monosaccharides, this cyanobacterium is an excellent candidate for lysates-based chemical production as it grows well at high lysate concentrations and can fix CO2to enhance carbon efficiency. This study is an important step forward in enabling the simultaneous use of two sugars as well as lignocellulosic lysate. Incremental genetic modifications enable catabolism of both sugars concurrently without experiencing carbon catabolite repression. Production of 2,3-butanediol is demonstrated to characterize chemical production from the sugars in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. The engineered strain achieves a titer of 13.5 g L−1of 2,3-butanediol over 12 days under shake-flask conditions. This study can be used as a foundation for industrial scale production of commodity chemicals from a combination of sunlight, CO2, and lignocellulosic sugars.
Larsen, Isaac J; Eger, Andre; Almond, Peter C; Thaler, Evan A; Rhodes, J Michael; Prasicek, Günther
(, Earth and Planetary Science Letters)
Chemical weathering influences many aspects of the Earth system, including biogeochemical cycling, climate, and ecosystem function. Physical erosion influences chemical weathering rates by setting the supply of fresh minerals to the critical zone. Vegetation also influences chemical weathering rates, both by physical processes that expose mineral surfaces and via production of acids that contribute to mineral dissolution. However, the role of vegetation in setting surface process rates in different landscapes is unclear. Here we use 10Be and geochemical mass balance to quantify soil production, physical erosion, and chemical weathering rates in a landscape where a migrating drainage divide separates catchments with an order-of magnitude contrast in erosion rates and where vegetation spans temperate rainforest, tussock grassland, and unvegetated alpine ecosystems in the western Southern Alps of New Zealand. Soil production, physical erosion, and chemical weathering rates are significantly higher on the rapidly eroding versus the slowly eroding side of the drainage divide. However, chemical weathering intensity does not vary significantly across the divide or as a function of vegetation type. Soil production rates are correlated with ridgetop curvature, and ridgetops are more convex on the rapidly eroding side of the divide, where soil mineral residence times are lowest. Hence our findings suggest fluvially-driven erosion rates control soil production and soil chemical weathering rates by influencing the relationship between hillslope topography and mineral residence times. In the western Southern Alps, soil production and chemical weathering rates are more strongly mediated by physical rock breakdown driven by landscape response to tectonics, than by vegetation.
Thiounn, Timmy; Smith, Rhett C.
(, Journal of Polymer Science)
Abstract The global production and consumption of plastics has increased at an alarming rate over the last few decades. The accumulation of pervasive and persistent waste plastic has concomitantly increased in landfills and the environment. The societal, ecological, and economic problems of plastic waste/pollution demand immediate and decisive action. In 2015, only 9% of plastic waste was successfully recycled in the United States. The major current recycling processes focus on the mechanical recycling of plastic waste; however, even this process is limited by the sorting/pretreatment of plastic waste and degradation of plastics during the process. An alternative to mechanical processes is chemical recycling of plastic waste. Efficient chemical recycling would allow for the production of feedstocks for various uses including fuels and chemical feedstocks to replace petrochemicals. This review focuses on the most recent advances for the chemical recycling of three major polymers found in plastic waste: PET, PE, and PP. Commercial processes for recycling hydrolysable polymers like polyesters or polyamides, polyolefins, or mixed waste streams are also discussed.
Seitz, Valerie A; McGivern, Bridget B; Daly, Rebecca A; Chaparro, Jacqueline M; Borton, Mikayla A; Sheflin, Amy M; Kresovich, Stephen; Shields, Lindsay; Schipanski, Meagan E; Wrighton, Kelly C; et al
(, Applied and Environmental Microbiology)
Alexandre, Gladys
(Ed.)
Decrypting the chemical interactions between plant roots and the soil microbiome is a gateway for future manipulation and management of the rhizosphere, a soil compartment critical to promoting plant fitness and yields. Our experimental results demonstrate how soil microbial community and genomic diversity is influenced by root exudates of differing chemical compositions and how changes in this microbiome result in altered production of plant-relevant metabolites.
Permar, Wade, Wielgasz, Catherine, Jin, Lixu, Chen, Xin, Coggon, Matthew M., Garofalo, Lauren A., Gkatzelis, Georgios I., Ketcherside, Damien, Millet, Dylan B., Palm, Brett B., Peng, Qiaoyun, Robinson, Michael A., Thornton, Joel A., Veres, Patrick, Warneke, Carsten, Yokelson, Robert J., Fischer, Emily V., and Hu, Lu. Assessing formic and acetic acid emissions and chemistry in western U.S. wildfire smoke: implications for atmospheric modeling. Retrieved from https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10502063. Environmental Science: Atmospheres 3.11 Web. doi:10.1039/d3ea00098b.
Permar, Wade, Wielgasz, Catherine, Jin, Lixu, Chen, Xin, Coggon, Matthew M., Garofalo, Lauren A., Gkatzelis, Georgios I., Ketcherside, Damien, Millet, Dylan B., Palm, Brett B., Peng, Qiaoyun, Robinson, Michael A., Thornton, Joel A., Veres, Patrick, Warneke, Carsten, Yokelson, Robert J., Fischer, Emily V., & Hu, Lu. Assessing formic and acetic acid emissions and chemistry in western U.S. wildfire smoke: implications for atmospheric modeling. Environmental Science: Atmospheres, 3 (11). Retrieved from https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10502063. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ea00098b
Permar, Wade, Wielgasz, Catherine, Jin, Lixu, Chen, Xin, Coggon, Matthew M., Garofalo, Lauren A., Gkatzelis, Georgios I., Ketcherside, Damien, Millet, Dylan B., Palm, Brett B., Peng, Qiaoyun, Robinson, Michael A., Thornton, Joel A., Veres, Patrick, Warneke, Carsten, Yokelson, Robert J., Fischer, Emily V., and Hu, Lu.
"Assessing formic and acetic acid emissions and chemistry in western U.S. wildfire smoke: implications for atmospheric modeling". Environmental Science: Atmospheres 3 (11). Country unknown/Code not available: Royal Society of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ea00098b.https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10502063.
@article{osti_10502063,
place = {Country unknown/Code not available},
title = {Assessing formic and acetic acid emissions and chemistry in western U.S. wildfire smoke: implications for atmospheric modeling},
url = {https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10502063},
DOI = {10.1039/d3ea00098b},
abstractNote = {Rapid production of formic acid in biomass burning smoke is not captured by the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) nor simplified GEOS-Chem chemistry, likely due to missing secondary chemical production.},
journal = {Environmental Science: Atmospheres},
volume = {3},
number = {11},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
author = {Permar, Wade and Wielgasz, Catherine and Jin, Lixu and Chen, Xin and Coggon, Matthew M. and Garofalo, Lauren A. and Gkatzelis, Georgios I. and Ketcherside, Damien and Millet, Dylan B. and Palm, Brett B. and Peng, Qiaoyun and Robinson, Michael A. and Thornton, Joel A. and Veres, Patrick and Warneke, Carsten and Yokelson, Robert J. and Fischer, Emily V. and Hu, Lu},
}
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