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1. Bootstrapping Library-Based Synthesis

   https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22308-2_13  

   Huang, Kangjing; Qiu, Xiaokang (December 2022, Lecture notes in computer science)

   Singh, Gagandeep; Urban, Caterina (Ed.)

   Constraint-based program synthesis techniques have been widely used in numerous settings. However, synthesizing programs that use libraries remains a major challenge. To handle complex or black-box libraries, the state of the art is to provide carefully crafted mocks or models to the synthesizer, requiring extra manual work. We address this challenge by proposing TOSHOKAN, a new synthesis framework as an alternative approach in which library-using programs can be generated without any user-provided artifacts at the cost of moderate performance overhead. The framework extends the classic counterexample-guided synthesis framework with a bootstrapping, log-based library model. The model collects input-output samples from running failed candidate programs on witness inputs. We prove that the framework is sound when a sound, bounded verifier is available, and also complete if the underlying synthesizer and verifier promise to produce minimal outputs. We implement and incorporate the framework to JSKETCH, a Java sketching tool. Experiments show that TOSHOKAN can successfully synthesize programs that use a variety of libraries, ranging from mathematical functions to data structures. Comparing to state-of-the-art synthesis algorithms which use mocks or models, TOSHOKAN reduces up to 159 lines of code of required manual inputs, at the cost of less than 40s of performance overheads. 

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2. Bootstrapping M-theory orbifolds

   https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2024)001  

   Chester, Shai M; Pufu, Silviu S; Wang, Yifan; Yin, Xi (June 2024, Journal of High Energy Physics)

   A<sc>bstract</sc> We analyze correlation functions of SU(k) × SU(2)_Fflavor currents in a family of three-dimensional$$ \mathcal{N} $$ $N$= 4 superconformal field theories, combining analytic bootstrap methods with input from supersymmetric localization. Via holographic duality, we extract gluon and graviton scattering amplitudes of M-theory on AdS₄×S⁷/ℤ_kwhich contains a ℂ²/ℤ_korbifold singularity. From these results, we derive aspects of the effective description of M-theory on the orbifold singularity beyond its leading low energy limit. We also determine a threshold correction to the holographic correlator from the combined contribution of two-loop gluon and tree-level bulk graviton exchange. 

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3. Bootstrapping Lieb-Schultz-Mattis anomalies

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.107.205137  

   Lanzetta, Ryan A.; Fidkowski, Lukasz (May 2023, Physical Review B)
4. Contrastive Bootstrapping for Label Refinement

   https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.acl-short.84  

   Hou, Shudi; Xia, Yu; Chen, Muhao; Li, Sujian (January 2023, Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics)

   Traditional text classification typically categorizes texts into pre-defined coarse-grained classes, from which the produced models cannot handle the real-world scenario where finer categories emerge periodically for accurate services. In this work, we investigate the setting where fine-grained classification is done only using the annotation of coarse-grained categories and the coarse-to-fine mapping. We propose a lightweight contrastive clustering-based bootstrapping method to iteratively refine the labels of passages. During clustering, it pulls away negative passage-prototype pairs under the guidance of the mapping from both global and local perspectives. Experiments on NYT and 20News show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by a large margin. 

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5. Bootstrapping pions at large N

   https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2022)151  

   Albert, Jan; Rastelli, Leonardo (August 2022, Journal of High Energy Physics)

   A bstract We revisit from a modern bootstrap perspective the longstanding problem of solving QCD in the large N limit. We derive universal bounds on the effective field theory of massless pions by imposing the full set of positivity constraints that follow from 2 → 2 scattering. Some features of our exclusion plots have intriguing connections with hadronic phenomenology. The exclusion boundary exhibits a sharp kink, raising the tantalizing scenario that large N QCD may sit at this kink. We critically examine this possibility, developing in the process a partial analytic understanding of the geometry of the bounds. 

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