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   https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c02636  

   Raj, Arindam ; Liu, Naijia ; Liu, Guannan ; Sohn, Sungwoo ; Xiang, Junxiang ; Liu, Ze ; Schroers, Jan ( September 2021 , ACS Nano)
2. Gold Nanoclusters: Bridging Gold Complexes and Plasmonic Nanoparticles in Photophysical Properties

   https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9070933  

   Zhou, Meng ; Zeng, Chenjie ; Li, Qi ; Higaki, Tatsuya ; Jin, Rongchao ( July 2019 , Nanomaterials)

   Recent advances in the determination of crystal structures and studies of optical properties of gold nanoclusters in the size range from tens to hundreds of gold atoms have started to reveal the grand evolution from gold complexes to nanoclusters and further to plasmonic nanoparticles. However, a detailed comparison of their photophysical properties is still lacking. Here, we compared the excited state behaviors of gold complexes, nanolcusters, and plasmonic nanoparticles, as well as small organic molecules by choosing four typical examples including the Au10 complex, Au25 nanocluster (1 nm metal core), 13 diameter Au nanoparticles, and Rhodamine B. To compare their photophysical behaviors, we performed steady-state absorption, photoluminescence, and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic measurements. It was found that gold nanoclusters behave somewhat like small molecules, showing both rapid internal conversion (<1 ps) and long-lived excited state lifetime (about 100 ns). Unlike the nanocluster form in which metal–metal transitions dominate, gold complexes showed significant charge transfer between metal atoms and surface ligands. Plasmonic gold nanoparticles, on the other hand, had electrons being heated and cooled (~100 ps time scale) after photo-excitation, and the relaxation was dominated by electron–electron scattering, electron–phonon coupling, and energy dissipation. In both nanoclusters and plasmonic nanoparticles, one can observe coherent oscillations of the metal core, but with different fundamental origins. Overall, this work provides some benchmarking features for organic dye molecules, organometallic complexes, metal nanoclusters, and plasmonic nanoparticles. 

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3. Design and fabrication of pH-responsive monodisperse gold/peptide/gold sandwich nanoparticles

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2023.03.003  

   Li, Wei ; Zhang, Zimeng ; Liu, Yuchen ; Qiu, Jingjing ; Wang, Shiren ( July 2023 , Manufacturing Letters)
4. Cationic Gold Catalyst Poisoning and Reactivation

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5. Auroral Structure and Dynamics From GOLD

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027650  

   Michell, R. G. ( March 2020 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics)

   The Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission data contain significant quantitative information about the aurora on a global scale. Here we present techniques for quantifying such information, including the temporal development of the structure within the auroral oval using the GOLD images. These techniques are applied to auroral observations in the GOLD data, in particular showing an example of how the longitudinal structure within the aurora varies over the course of six consecutive days with differing levels of geomagnetic activity. A simple model of the solar‐induced airglow is presented that is used to remove the sunlight contamination from the dayside auroral observations. Comparisons to ground‐based auroral imaging are used for the overall auroral context and to make estimates of the proportionality between the intensities of the green line (557.7 nm) emission in the visible and the 135.6 nm emissions in the GOLD data. These observations are consistent with the intensity of the 135.6 nm auroral emission being on the same order as the intensity of the 557.7 nm auroral emission. They were both found to be around 1 kR for a stable auroral arc on a day with low geomagnetic activity (3 November 2018) and around 10 kR for an active auroral display on a day with higher levels of geomagnetic activity (5 November 2018). This could have important implications for making direct comparisons between space‐based ultraviolet auroral imaging and ground‐based visible‐light auroral imaging and the total energy input estimates that are derived from them.

    

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