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   https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15970  

   Shore, Joel S.; Hamam, Hasan J.; Chafe, Paul D. J.; Labonne, Jonathan D. J.; Henning, Paige M.; McCubbin, Andrew G. (July 2019, New Phytologist)

   Summary Distyly is an intriguing floral adaptation that increases pollen transfer precision and restricts inbreeding. It has been a model system in evolutionary biology since Darwin. Although theS‐locus determines the long‐ and short‐styled morphs, the genes were unknown inTurnera. We have now identified these genes.We used deletion mapping to identify, and then sequence,BACclones and genome scaffolds to constructS/shaplotypes. We investigated candidate gene expression, hemizygosity, and used mutants, to explore gene function.Thes‐haplotype possessed 21 genes collinear with a region of chromosome 7 of grape. TheS‐haplotype possessed three additional genes and two inversions.TsSPH1was expressed in filaments and anthers,TsYUC6in anthers andTsBAHDin pistils. Long‐homostyle mutants did not possessTsBAHDand a short‐homostyle mutant did not expressTsSPH1.Three hemizygous genes appear to determine S‐morph characteristics inT. subulata. Hemizygosity is common to all distylous species investigated, yet the genes differ. The pistil candidate gene,TsBAHD, differs from that ofPrimula, but both may inactivate brassinosteroids causing short styles.TsYUC6is involved in auxin synthesis and likely determines pollen characteristics.TsSPH1is likely involved in filament elongation. We propose an incompatibility mechanism involvingTsYUC6andTsBAHD. 

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2. Evolution and future of urban ecological science: ecology in , of , and for the city

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3. In Vitro and in Vivo Analyses of the Effects of Source, Length, and Charge on the Cytotoxicity and Immunocompatibility of Cellulose Nanocrystals

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01618  

   Weiss, Adam M.; Macke, Nicholas; Zhang, Yefei; Calvino, Céline; Esser-Kahn, Aaron P.; Rowan, Stuart J. (April 2021, ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering)

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4. Anomaly in the Opacity of the Post-reionization Intergalactic Medium in the Ly α and Ly β Forest

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   Eilers, Anna-Christina; Hennawi, Joseph F.; Davies, Frederick B.; Oñorbe, Jose (August 2019, The Astrophysical Journal)
5. Of revistas and magacínes: Lexical competition in the online processing of established loanwords

   https://doi.org/10.1075/jsls.21010.joh  

   Johns, Michael A.; Dussias, Paola E. (September 2021, Journal of Second Language Studies)

   Abstract The transfer of words from one language to another is ubiquitous in many of the world’s languages. While loanwords have a rich literature in the fields of historical linguistics, language contact, and sociolinguistics, little work has been done examining how loanwords are processed by bilinguals with knowledge of both the source and recipient languages. The present study uses pupillometry to compare the online processing of established loanwords in Puerto Rican Spanish to native Spanish words by highly proficient Puerto Rican Spanish-English bilinguals. Established loanwords elicited a significantly larger pupillary response than native Spanish words, with the pupillary response modulated by both the frequency of the loanword itself and of the native Spanish counterpart. These findings suggest that established loanwords are processed differently than native Spanish words and compete with their native equivalents, potentially due to both intra- and inter-lingual effects of saliency. 

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