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1. Self-healing polymers

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-0202-4  

   Wang, Siyang; Urban, Marek W. (August 2020, Nature Reviews Materials)

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2. Microphysiological systems for the modelling of wound healing and evaluation of pro-healing therapies

   https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TB00544D  

   Deal, Halston; Brown, Ashley; Daniele, Michael (January 2020, Journal of Materials Chemistry B)

   Wound healing is a multivariate process involving the coordinated response of numerous proteins and cell types. Accordingly, biomedical research has seen an increased adoption of the use of in vitro wound healing assays with complexity beyond that offered by traditional well-plate constructs. These microphysiological systems (MPS) seek to recapitulate one or more physiological features of the in vivo microenvironment, while retaining the analytical capacity of more reductionist assays. Design efforts to achieve relevant wound healing physiology include the use of dynamic perfusion over static culture, the incorporation of multiple cell types, the arrangement of cells in three dimensions, the addition of biomechanically and biochemically relevant hydrogels, and combinations thereof. This review provides a brief overview of the wound healing process and in vivo assays, and we critically review the current state of MPS and supporting technologies for modelling and studying wound healing. We distinguish between MPS that seek to inform a particular phase of wound healing, and constructs that have the potential to inform multiple phases of wound healing. This distinction is a product of whether analysis of a particular process is prioritized, or a particular physiology is prioritized, during design. Material selection is emphasized throughout, and relevant fabrication techniques discussed. 

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3. Electrochemical Healing of Fractured Metals

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   Hsain, Zakaria; Akbari, Mostafa; Prasanna, Adhokshid; Jiang, Zhimin; Akbarzadeh, Masoud; Pikul, James_H (April 2023, Advanced Materials)

   Abstract Repairing fractured metals to extend their useful lifetimes advances sustainability and mitigates carbon emissions from metal mining and processing. While high‐temperature techniques are being used to repair metals, the increasing ubiquity of digital manufacturing and “unweldable” alloys, as well as the integration of metals with polymers and electronics, call for radically different repair approaches. Herein, a framework for effective room‐temperature repair of fractured metals using an area‐selective nickel electrodeposition process refered to as electrochemical healing is presented. Based on a model that links geometric, mechanical, and electrochemical parameters to the recovery of tensile strength, this framework enables 100% recovery of tensile strength in nickel, low‐carbon steel, two “unweldable” aluminum alloys, and a 3D‐printed difficult‐to‐weld shellular structure using a single common electrolyte. Through a distinct energy‐dissipation mechanism, this framework also enables up to 136% recovery of toughness in an aluminum alloy. To facilitate practical adoption, this work reveals scaling laws for the energetic, financial, and time costs of healing, and demonstrates the restoration of a functional level of strength in a fractured standard steel wrench. Empowered with this framework, room‐temperature electrochemical healing can open exciting possibilities for the effective, scalable repair of metals in diverse applications. 

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4. A Self-Healing Oxygen-Evolving Catalyst

   https://doi.org/10.1021/ja900023k  

   Lutterman, Daniel A.; Surendranath, Yogesh; Nocera, Daniel G. (March 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society)
5. Self-Healing First-Order Distributed Optimization

   https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC45484.2021.9683487  

   Donato Ridgley, Israel L.; Freeman, Randy A.; Lynch, Kevin M. (December 2021, 2021 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC))