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   Imeri, Astrit; Russell, Nicholas; Rust, James; Sahin, Serhat; Fidan, Ismail (June 2017, 2017 ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings)

   During the 2017 Engineering-a-Future activities at Tennessee Tech University, a set of 3D Pen activities has been organized for the female Middle School Students (5th and 6th grades) so that they learn more about the engineering fields and their practices in daily life. Various Additive Manufacturing technologies have been presented to students, and students have toured the lab facilities. During the 45-minute timeframe, students were grouped and constructed 3D art objects (butterfly, necklace, bird, and glasses) using the available 3D Pens. It was observed that the students had high enthusiasm about the new technology. This study will present the utilization of 3D Printing Pens in various practices, and report the current advantageous and disadvantageous of 3D Pen exercises detected through recent studies. 

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   https://doi.org/10.1122/8.0000600  

   Tu, Michael Q.; Nguyen, Hung V.; Foley, Elliel; Jacobs, Michael I.; Schroeder, Charles M. (July 2023, Journal of Rheology)

   Flow-based manipulation of particles is an essential tool for studying soft materials, but prior work has nearly exclusively relied on using two-dimensional (2D) flows generated in planar microfluidic geometries. In this work, we demonstrate 3D trapping and manipulation of freely suspended particles, droplets, and giant unilamellar vesicles in 3D flow fields using automated flow control. Three-dimensional flow fields including uniaxial extension and biaxial extension are generated in 3D-printed fluidic devices combined with active feedback control for particle manipulation in 3D. Flow fields are characterized using particle tracking velocimetry complemented by finite-element simulations for all flow geometries. Single colloidal particles (3.4 μm diameter) are confined in low viscosity solvent (1.0 mPa s) near the stagnation points of uniaxial and biaxial extensional flow for long times (≥10 min) using active feedback control. Trap stiffness is experimentally determined by analyzing the power spectral density of particle position fluctuations. We further demonstrate precise manipulation of colloidal particles along user-defined trajectories in three dimensions using automated flow control. Newtonian liquid droplets and GUVs are trapped and deformed in precisely controlled uniaxial and biaxial extensional flows, which is a new demonstration for 3D flow fields. Overall, this work extends flow-based manipulation of particles and droplets to three dimensions, thereby enabling quantitative analysis of colloids and soft materials in complex nonequilibrium flows. 

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   https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR46437.2021.00928  

   Wang, J. (January 2021, Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition)