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1. Iron‐Based Sodium‐Salt Composite Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

   https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.71154  

   Fang, Yanzhao; Wang, Jing; Park, Hayoung; Liu, Xiaolin; Surta, T Wesley; Jagadeesan, Sathya Narayanan; Sui, Yiming; Jiang, Ziang; Yu, Mingliang; Jung, Min Soo; et al (June 2026, Advanced Energy Materials)

   ABSTRACT The use of iron metal powder directly as the cathode active mass is a transformative opportunity to increase energy density and reduce costs for rechargeable batteries. Realizing this potential, however, requires creating a chemical environment that can activate multiple‐electron transfer of iron redox chemistry. Here, we report that the composite synthesized by ball milling Na₂SO₄, Fe metal, and CuS can be directly desodiated as a sodium‐ion battery cathode, which delivers a reversible discharge capacity of 149 mAh g⁻¹at ~2.6 V with stable cycling performance. Comprehensive spectroscopic characterization reveals that Fe serves as the primary redox center, while CuS functions as a redox mediator. The results demonstrate that the heterointerfaces formed by ball milling are critical for charge transfer and high iron utilization. This work establishes iron metal sodium‐salt composites as viable sodium‐ion battery cathodes by unlocking multi‐electron Fe redox within a composite architecture. 

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2. Pillared sodium manganese oxide as a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries

   Muscato, Daniel (December 2025, State University of New York at Binghamton ProQuest Dissertations & Theses)
3. Room temperature sodium diffusion in sodium iron phosphate investigated with neutron scattering

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2026.102317  

   Novak, Eric; Inaba, Shintaro; Jalarvo, Niina; Klapproth, Alice; Peterson, Vanessa; Mamontov, Eugene; Martins, Murillo; Abernathy, Doug; Granroth, Garrett; Smith, Hillary (June 2026, Materials Today Energy)
4. Sodium-based solid electrolytes and interfacial stability. Towards solid-state sodium batteries

   https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.104009  

   Edelman, D A.; Brandt, T. G.; Temeche, E.; Laine, R. M. (July 2022, Materials today communications)

   Electrochemical energy storage is a cost-effective, sustainable method for storing and delivering energy gener- ated from renewable resources. Among electrochemical energy storage devices, the lithium-ion battery (LIB) has dominated due to its high energy and power density. The success of LIBs has generated increased interest in sodium-ion battery (NaB) technology amid concerns of the sustainability and cost of lithium resources. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that sodium-ion solid-state electrolytes (NaSEs) have considerable potential to enable new cell chemistries that can deliver superior electrochemical performance to liquid-electrolyte-based NaBs. However, their commercial implementation is hindered by slow ionic transport at ambient and chemical/ mechanical incompatibility at interfaces. In this review, various NaSEs are first characterized based on individual crystal structures and ionic conduction mechanisms. Subsequently, selected methods of modifying interfaces in sodium solid-state batteries (NaSSBs) are covered, including anode wetting, ionic liquid (IL) addition, and composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs). Finally, examples are provided of how these techniques improve cycle life and rate performance of different cathode materials including sulfur, oxide, hexacyanoferrate, and phosphate-type. A focus on interfacial modification and optimization is crucial for realizing next-generation batteries. Thus, the novel methods reviewed here could pave the way toward a NaSSB capable of with- standing the high current and cycle life demands of future applications. 

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5. Sodium Surface Lattice Plasmons

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c05833  

   Rawashdeh, Abdelsalam; Lupa, Sylvia; Welch, William; Yang, Ankun (November 2021, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C)