Background Vegetation fire may change Phosphorus (P) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems through converting biomass into fire residues. Aim The aim of this study was to understand the chemistry and mobility of P in fire residues to help reveal P thermochemistry during biomass burning and post-fire P cycling. Methods A combination of sequential extraction, liquid 31P NMR and P K-edge XANES was used to obtain quantitative P speciation and explain P solubilisation behaviours of charcoal. Key results Despite varying diverse P species existing in raw biomass, only two P structural moieties – orthophosphate and pyrophosphate – were identified in charcoal. However, relative abundance of pyrophosphate differs greatly among charcoal samples from different biomass types, ranging between 0 and 40% of total extractable P. Although P K-edge XANES data indicates abundant soluble phosphate minerals, most P (70–90%) is likely occluded physically in the charcoal. The bicarbonate-extractable P (the Olsen-P) varies significantly and cannot be explained by surface P concentration or elemental stoichiometry alone. Conclusion and implications The results suggest the importance of starting biomass P speciation (i.e. molecular structure and complexation environment) and thermal conditions in controlling P speciation and availability in charcoal. The different P chemistry between charcoal and ash suggests the importance of fire types and severity in disturbing the P cycle.
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Designing solvent systems using self-evolving solubility databases and graph neural networks
Our self-evolving graph neural networks for predicting solubilities reconciled different magnitudes of errors and uncertainties of experimental and computational databases, maximizing the database size and the model’s prediction accuracy.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2304658
- PAR ID:
- 10518065
- Editor(s):
- Copsey, May; Apps, Samantha; Moore, James; Cotton, Carri; Huang, Tinge; Johnston, Esther; Orchar, Sophie; Thompson, Richard; Welch, Amy; Gough, Roger; Bishop, David
- Publisher / Repository:
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Chemical Science
- Volume:
- 15
- Issue:
- 3
- ISSN:
- 2041-6520
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 923 to 939
- Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
- solubility, machine learning, graph neural networks
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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