The binding motifs of clusters of Al+ and Al2+ with ethane, Alx+(C2H6)n (x = 1, 2; n = 1–3), are determined using vibrational photodissociation spectroscopy in the C–H stretching region (2550–3100 cm−1) in conjunction with spectra calculated using density functional theory. The relative energies of candidate structures are determined with the B3LYP-D3 and ωB97X-D density functionals and the 6–311++G(d,p) basis set. Local mode Hamiltonian calculations are better able to reproduce the spectra than scaled harmonic calculations, due to contributions from bending overtones and combination bands. Vibrational photodissociation spectra show a red shift in the stretching frequencies of C–H bonds that are proximate to the cation. This red shift decreases as the number of ethanes increases. For Al+(C2H6)n (n = 1–3), side-on (T-shaped) binding of the metal is preferred to end-on binding, and subsequent ligands bind on the same side of the cation. Similarly, for Al2+(C2H6)n (n = 1–3), T-shaped configurations in which the C–C and Al–Al bonds are approximately perpendicular and the ethane binds side-on to the Al2+ are preferred. In Al2+(C2H6)n (n = 1–3) complexes, intense bands are observed, which are due to overtones and combinations of symmetric deformations in Fermi resonance with the red-shifted C–H stretches.
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Vibrational Spectroscopy and Structural Analysis of V+(C2H6)n Clusters (n = 1–4)
The vibrational structure and binding motifs of vanadium cation-ethane clusters, V(+)(C2H6)n, for n = 1 – 4 are probed using infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the C-H stretching region (2550 – 3100 cm-1). Comparison of spectra to scaled harmonic frequency spectra obtained using density functional theory suggest that ethane exhibits two primary binding motifs when interacting with the vanadium cation, an end-on 𝜂2 configuration and a side-on configuration. The lower-energy side-on configuration predominates in smaller clusters, but the end-on configuration becomes important for larger clusters as it helps to maintain a roughly square planar geometry about the central vanadium. Proximate C-H bonds exhibit elongation and large red-shifts when compared to bare ethane, particularly in the case of the side-on isomer, which are underestimated by scaled harmonic frequency calculations, demonstrating initial effects of C-H bond activation.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1856490
- PAR ID:
- 10519878
- Publisher / Repository:
- ACS
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry A
- Volume:
- 127
- Issue:
- 24
- ISSN:
- 1089-5639
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 5091 to 5103
- Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
- non-covalent interactions C-H activation vibrational spectroscopy
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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