skip to main content


This content will become publicly available on June 26, 2025

Title: Electrochemical α ‐Functionalization of N ‐Aryl‐Activated Tertiary Amines
Abstract

Numerous appropriately substituted pyridyl or phenyl groups serve as a particularly advantageous activation motif for the electrochemical oxidation of amines. Such groups enable a general, mild method for the electrochemical α‐functionalization of tertiary amines across numerous activating groups and amine scaffolds. Notably, the method accommodates an unprecedented range of nucleophile classes, allowing for the introduction of diverse functional groups to the readily prepared amine substrates. The utility of this method is then demonstrated through applications to unsymmetrical bisfunctionalization, site‐selective functionalization ofN‐pyridyl amines vs. other activated amines, a formal synthesis of ivosidenib and the diversification of FDA‐approved drugs or natural product substrates.

 
more » « less
NSF-PAR ID:
10532692
Author(s) / Creator(s):
 ;  
Publisher / Repository:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis
ISSN:
1615-4150
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. The transition metal-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck reaction is a powerful method to synthesize C–C bonds, allowing access to several important pharmaceuticals. Traditionally free amines have not been compatible with these approaches due to oxidation of the amine by the transition metal or other side reactions. However, the functionalization of unprotected allylamines is particularly attractive due to their prevalence in various biologically active molecules. Herein we report the palladium-catalyzed selective monoarylation of free allylamines using aryl iodides. The strategy works on primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, making it very general. Our monoarylation method is scalable and works on aryl iodides with a variety of substituted arene or heterocycle motifs, including chromophoric substrates. 
    more » « less
  2. Abstract

    While ketones are among the most versatile functional groups, their synthesis remains reliant upon reactive and low‐abundance starting materials. In contrast, amide formation is the most‐used bond‐construction method in medicinal chemistry because the chemistry is reliable and draws upon large and diverse substrate pools. A new method for the synthesis of ketones is presented here that draws from the same substrates used for amide bond synthesis: amines and carboxylic acids. A nickel terpyridine catalyst couples N‐alkyl pyridinium salts with in situ formed carboxylic acid fluorides or 2‐pyridyl esters under reducing conditions (Mn metal). The reaction has a broad scope, as demonstrated by the synthesis of 35 different ketones bearing a wide variety of functional groups with an average yield of 60±16 %. This approach is capable of coupling diverse substrates, including pharmaceutical intermediates, to rapidly form complex ketones.

     
    more » « less
  3. Abstract

    While ketones are among the most versatile functional groups, their synthesis remains reliant upon reactive and low‐abundance starting materials. In contrast, amide formation is the most‐used bond‐construction method in medicinal chemistry because the chemistry is reliable and draws upon large and diverse substrate pools. A new method for the synthesis of ketones is presented here that draws from the same substrates used for amide bond synthesis: amines and carboxylic acids. A nickel terpyridine catalyst couples N‐alkyl pyridinium salts with in situ formed carboxylic acid fluorides or 2‐pyridyl esters under reducing conditions (Mn metal). The reaction has a broad scope, as demonstrated by the synthesis of 35 different ketones bearing a wide variety of functional groups with an average yield of 60±16 %. This approach is capable of coupling diverse substrates, including pharmaceutical intermediates, to rapidly form complex ketones.

     
    more » « less
  4. Abstract

    Herein, we report the palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation of unactivated aliphatic C−H bonds in free primary amines. This method takes advantage of anexo‐imine‐type directing group (DG) that can be generated and removed in situ. A range of unprotected aliphatic amines are suitable substrates, undergoing site‐selective arylation at the γ‐position. Methyl as well as cyclic and acyclic methylene groups can be activated. Furthermore, when aniline‐derived substrates were used, preliminary success with δ‐C−H arylation was achieved. The feasibility of using the DG component in a catalytic fashion was also demonstrated.

     
    more » « less
  5. Enantioenriched azaarylmethyl amine derivatives are useful building blocks in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. To access these valuable motifs, an enantioselective palladium-catalyzed benzylation of azaarylmethyl amine pronucleophiles is introduced. Of note, this is a rare application of asymmetric (2-naphthyl)methylation of pro-nucleophiles with high p K a values (p K a ≈ 34 in DMSO). Control experiments support the notion that the coordination of Li + to the azaaryl nitrogen plays a critical role in the substitution process. With this procedure, enantioenriched (2-naphthyl)methylene azaarylmethyl amines with a variety of azaaryl groups (pyridyl, pyrazine, quinoxaline and isoquinoline) and cyclic and acyclic amines are readily obtained with good yields and enantioselectivities up to 99%. 
    more » « less