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1. The role of discrimination and adverse childhood experiences in disordered eating

   https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-023-00753-8  

   Nelson, Jillian D.; Martin, Laura N.; Izquierdo, Alyssa; Kornienko, Olga; Cuellar, Alison E.; Cheskin, Lawrence J.; Fischer, Sarah (December 2023, Journal of Eating Disorders)

   Abstract Background In clinical research, there has been a call to move beyond individual psychosocial factors towards identifying cultural and social factors that inform mental health. Similar calls have been made in the eating disorders (ED) field underscoring the need to understand larger sociocultural influences on EDs. Discrimination is a social stressor that may influence mental health in similar ways to traumatic or adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Given the high rates of EDs and discrimination among marginalized groups, it is vital to understand the role of discrimination and ACEs as predictors of ED symptoms in these populations. The aim of this study is to examine how perceived discrimination predicts ED pathology when statistically adjusting for gender, race, and ACEs. Methods The diverse study sample consisted of 331 undergraduate students from a longitudinal cohort study (ages 18–24; 66% female; 35% White/non-Hispanic). Participants completed measures of everyday discrimination, ACEs, and ED pathology. Results Following adjustment for multiple statistical comparisons, the frequency of daily discrimination predicted all ED symptoms above and beyond history of ACEs. In follow-up analyses, number of reasons for discrimination predicted cognitive restraint and purging. Differences in ED symptomatology were found based on the reason for discrimination, gender, and race. Specifically, those who experienced weight discrimination endorsed higher scores on all ED symptoms, and those experiencing gender discrimination endorsed higher body dissatisfaction, cognitive restraint, and restriction. People of color endorsed higher restriction, while female participants endorsed higher scores on all ED symptom with the exception of cognitive restraint. Conclusion Discrimination is a salient risk factor for ED symptoms even when accounting for individuals’ history of ACEs. Future research should utilize an intersectional approach to examine how perceived discrimination affects ED pathology over time. (Word count: 234). 

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2. Adverse childhood experiences, daily worries, and positive thoughts: A daily diary multi-wave study

   https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12200  

   Arbel, Reout; Schacter, Hannah L.; Kazmierski, Kelly F.; Daspe, Marie-Ève; Margolin, Gayla (July 2018, British Journal of Clinical Psychology)

   Objective. To examine adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) as a prospective predictor of the day-to-day associations between worries and positive thinking among late adolescents. Method. Cumulative ACEs were measured from parent and youth reports between the ages of 9.9 and 18.1. Late adolescents (N = 103) reported daily worries and positive thoughts across ten days. Results. Adverse childhood experiences predicted higher and more variable levels of day-to-day worry. Increases in positive thinking on one day predicted less next-day worry for adolescents with low, but not high, ACE scores. Conclusions. Daily worry during late adolescence may be an important consequence of earlier exposure to ACEs. Early interventions focused on worry reduction and improved emotion regulation might mitigate worry among high-ACE youth. 

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3. Reducing adverse impacts of Amazon hydropower expansion

   https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abj4017  

   Flecker, Alexander S.; Shi, Qinru; Almeida, Rafael M.; Angarita, Héctor; Gomes-Selman, Jonathan M.; García-Villacorta, Roosevelt; Sethi, Suresh A.; Thomas, Steven A.; Poff, N. LeRoy; Forsberg, Bruce R.; et al (February 2022, Science)

   Computational advances reveal opportunities for more sustainable hydropower development in large transboundary river basins. 

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4. Grass research to alleviate possible adverse climate changes

   Hofmeyr, Izak (December 2024, Agri news)
5. Safety Monitoring for Pedestrian Detection in Adverse Conditions

   https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44267-4_22  

   Mallick, Swapnil; Ghoshal, Shuvam; Balakrishnan, Anand; Deshmukh Jyotirmoy, V. (October 2023, Runtime Verification)

   Nenzi, Laura; Katsaros, Panagiotis (Ed.)

   Pedestrian detection is an important part of the perception system of autonomous vehicles. Foggy and low-light conditions are quite challenging for pedestrian detection, and several models have been proposed to increase the robustness of detections under such challenging conditions. Checking if such a model performs well is largely evaluated by manually inspecting the results of object detection. We propose a monitoring technique that uses Timed Quality Temporal Logic (TQTL) to do differential testing: we first check when an object detector (such as vanilla YOLO) fails to accurately detect pedestrians using a suitable TQTL formula on a sequence of images. We then apply a model specialized to adverse weather conditions to perform object detection on the same image sequence. We use Image-Adaptive YOLO (IA-YOLO) for this purpose. We then check if the new model satisfies the previously failing specifications. Our method shows the feasibility of using such a differential testing approach to measure the improvement in quality of detections when specialized models are used for object detection. 

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