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The Drosophila eye is an outstanding model system for exploring fundamental mechanisms of growth and development. The adult eye is composed of a perfect hexagonal lattice of ∼750 unit eyes, or ommatidia, each containing precisely 20 well-characterized cells. The eye develops from the eye/antennal imaginal disc, a flattened epithelial sac. During larval and pupal development, cells in the disc grow and undergo compartmentalisation, cell cycle arrest, differentiation, directed movement, and apoptosis, all utilising gene networks and signalling pathways similar to those in vertebrates. The genetic accessibility of Drosophila, together with the precision of eye development, makes the fly retina an extremely useful system with which to investigate the roles of genes and signalling pathways in development.
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Sex-specific differences in ophthalmic and central retinal artery velocity: A cardiovascular and retinal analysis
- Award ID(s):
- 2327640
- PAR ID:
- 10536303
- Publisher / Repository:
- Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
- Date Published:
- Volume:
- 65
- Issue:
- 7
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 1255
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Abstract PurposeTo review retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and its relationship with retinal oxygen saturation via automated retinal oximetry in eyes with RVO. MethodsA literature review was performed in PubMed and Medline until October 2021 utilizing specific keywords and cross‐matched reference lists. ResultsThis review found RVO to be associated with risk factors including age, hypertension, cardiovascular and metabolic conditions, male gender, and glaucoma. These may be attributed to a breakdown of regulatory processes in the retina. Retinal venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) and arteriovenous difference in eyes with central RVO have been found to be reduced and elevated, respectively. The literature indicates variable and contradictory findings in regard to branch RVO and retinal oxygenation. Additionally, ischaemic eyes have been found to have elevated retinal arterial oxygen saturation; however, the literature reports variable results regarding SvO2levels. Medications have been suggested to increase SvO2in RVO eyes, which may represent an important mechanism for disease management. Ranibizumab is currently the most studied drug for retinal oxygenation in RVO and has been suggested to increase SvO2in RVO eyes. In comparison, dexamethasone was found to decrease SvO2. ConclusionThe current literature on retinal oxygenation in ischaemic subtypes of RVO and in drug therapies is minimal, and further work is required to expand upon our understanding of how ischaemia and drugs influence retinal oxygenation and clinical outcomes.more » « less
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Conference Paper:
- The DOI is not currently available.
