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1. Bounds on field range for slowly varying positive potentials

   https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2024)175  

   van_de_Heisteeg, Damian; Vafa, Cumrun; Wiesner, Max; Wu, David H (February 2024, Journal of High Energy Physics)

   A<sc>bstract</sc> In the context of quantum gravitational systems, we place bounds on regions in field space with slowly varying positive potentials. Using the fact that$$ V<{\Lambda}_s^2 $$ $V<{\Lambda }_s^2$, where Λ_s(ϕ) is the species scale, and the emergent string conjecture, we show this places a bound on the maximum diameter of such regions in field space: ∆ϕ≤alog(1/V) +bin Planck units, wherea≤$$ \sqrt{\left(d-1\right)\left(d-2\right)} $$ $\sqrt{\left(d-1\right)\left(d-2\right)}$, andbis an 𝒪(1) number and expected to be negative. The coefficient of the logarithmic term has previously been derived using TCC, providing further confirmation. For type II string flux compactifications on Calabi-Yau threefolds, using the recent results on the moduli dependence of the species scale, we can check the above relation and determine the constantb, which we verify is 𝒪(1) and negative in all the examples we studied. 

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2. Strange hadron collectivity in pPb and PbPb collisions

   https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2023)007  

   Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Andrejkovic, J. W.; Bergauer, T.; Chatterjee, S.; Dragicevic, M.; Escalante Del Valle, A.; Frühwirth, R.; Jeitler, M.; Krammer, N.; et al (May 2023, Journal of High Energy Physics)

   A<sc>bstract</sc> The collective behavior of$$ {\textrm{K}}_{\textrm{S}}^0 $$ $K_S^0$and$$ \Lambda /\overline{\Lambda} $$ $\Lambda /\overline{\Lambda }$strange hadrons is studied by measuring the elliptic azimuthal anisotropy (v₂) using the scalar-product and multiparticle correlation methods. Proton-lead (pPb) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy$$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$= 8.16 TeV and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at$$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$= 5.02 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC are investigated. Nonflow effects in the pPb collisions are studied by using a subevent cumulant analysis and by excluding events where a jet with transverse momentum greater than 20 GeV is present. The strange hadronv₂values extracted in pPb collisions via the four- and six-particle correlation method are found to be nearly identical, suggesting the collective behavior. Comparisons of the pPb and PbPb results for both strange hadrons and charged particles illustrate how event-by-event flow fluctuations depend on the system size. 

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3. Scattering from (p, q)-strings in AdS5 × S5

   https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2025)181  

   Pufu, Silviu S; Rodriguez, Victor A; Wang, Yifan (March 2025, Journal of High Energy Physics)

   A<sc>bstract</sc> Motivated by understanding the scattering of gravitons and their superpartners from extended (p,q)-strings in type IIB string theory via AdS/CFT, we study an integrated two-point function of stress tensor multiplet operators in the presence of a half-BPS line defect in$$ \mathcal{N} $$ $N$= 4 SU(N) super-Yang-Mills theory. We determine this integrated correlator at the five lowest non-trivial orders in$$ 1/\sqrt{N} $$ $1/\sqrt{N}$at fixed Yang-Mills coupling andθangle. Our calculations are performed explicitly when the line defect is a Wilson line, in which case we find a finite number of perturbative contributions at each order in$$ 1/\sqrt{N} $$ $1/\sqrt{N}$, as well as instanton contributions. Using SL(2,ℤ) transformations, our results can also be applied to Wilson-’t Hooft line defects dual to extended (p,q)-strings in the bulk. We analyze features of these integrated correlators in the weak coupling expansion by comparing with open-closed amplitudes of type IIB string theory on AdS₅× S⁵, as well as in its flat space limit. We predict new higher-derivative interaction vertices on the D1-brane and, more generally, on (p,q)-strings. 

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4. Production of $$ {\textrm{K}}_{\textrm{S}}^0 $$ , Λ ($$ \overline{\Lambda} $$), Ξ±, and Ω± in jets and in the underlying event in pp and p–Pb collisions

   https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2023)136  

   Acharya, S.; Adamová, D.; Adler, A.; Aglieri Rinella, G.; Agnello, M.; Agrawal, N.; Ahammed, Z.; Ahmad, S.; Ahn, S. U.; Ahuja, I.; et al (July 2023, Journal of High Energy Physics)

   A<sc>bstract</sc> The production of strange hadrons ($$ {\textrm{K}}_{\textrm{S}}^0 $$ $K_S^0$, Λ, Ξ^±, and Ω^±), baryon-to-meson ratios (Λ/$$ {\textrm{K}}_{\textrm{S}}^0 $$ $K_S^0$, Ξ/$$ {\textrm{K}}_{\textrm{S}}^0 $$ $K_S^0$, and Ω/$$ {\textrm{K}}_{\textrm{S}}^0 $$ $K_S^0$), and baryon-to-baryon ratios (Ξ/Λ, Ω/Λ, and Ω/Ξ) associated with jets and the underlying event were measured as a function of transverse momentum (p_T) in pp collisions at$$ \sqrt{s} $$ $\sqrt{s}$= 13 TeV and p Pb collisions at$$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$= 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The inclusive production of the same particle species and the corresponding ratios are also reported. The production of multi-strange hadrons, Ξ^±and Ω^±, and their associated particle ratios in jets and in the underlying event are measured for the first time. In both pp and p–Pb collisions, the baryon-to-meson and baryon-to-baryon yield ratios measured in jets differ from the inclusive particle production for low and intermediate hadronp_T(0.6–6 GeV/c). Ratios measured in the underlying event are in turn similar to those measured for inclusive particle production. In pp collisions, the particle production in jets is compared with Pythia8 predictions with three colour-reconnection implementation modes. None of them fully reproduces the data in the measured hadronp_Tregion. The maximum deviation is observed for Ξ^±and Ω^±which reaches a factor of about six. The event multiplicity dependence is further investigated in p−Pb collisions. In contrast to what is observed in the underlying event, there is no significant event-multiplicity dependence for particle production in jets. The presented measurements provide novel constraints on hadronisation and its Monte Carlo description. In particular, they demonstrate that the fragmentation of jets alone is insufficient to describe the strange and multi-strange particle production in hadronic collisions at LHC energies. 

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5. Measurement of beauty-quark production in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV via non-prompt D mesons

   https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2024)110  

   Acharya, S; Adamová, D; Agarwal, A; Aglieri_Rinella, G; Aglietta, L; Agnello, M; Agrawal, N; Ahammed, Z; Ahmad, S; Ahn, S U; et al (October 2024, Journal of High Energy Physics)

   A<sc>bstract</sc> Thep_T-differential production cross sections of non-prompt D⁰, D⁺, and$$ {\textrm{D}}_{\textrm{s}}^{+} $$ $D_s^{+}$mesons originating from beauty-hadron decays are measured in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy$$ \sqrt{s} $$ $\sqrt{s}$= 13 TeV. The measurements are performed at midrapidity, |y|<0.5, with the data sample collected by ALICE from 2016 to 2018. The results are in agreement with predictions from several perturbative QCD calculations. The fragmentation fraction of beauty quarks to strange mesons divided by the one to non-strange mesons,f_s/(f_u+f_d), is found to be 0.114 ± 0.016 (stat.) ± 0.006 (syst.) ± 0.003 (BR) ± 0.003 (extrap.). This value is compatible with previous measurements at lower centre-of-mass energies and in different collision systems in agreement with the assumption of universality of fragmentation functions. In addition, the dependence of the non-prompt D meson production on the centre-of-mass energy is investigated by comparing the results obtained at$$ \sqrt{s} $$ $\sqrt{s}$= 5.02 and 13 TeV, showing a hardening of the non-prompt D-mesonp_T-differential production cross section at higher$$ \sqrt{s} $$ $\sqrt{s}$. Finally, the$$ \textrm{b}\overline{\textrm{b}} $$ $b\overline{b}$production cross section per unit of rapidity at midrapidity is calculated from the non-prompt D⁰, D⁺,$$ {\textrm{D}}_{\textrm{s}}^{+} $$ $D_s^{+}$, and$$ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+} $$ ${\Lambda }_c^{+}$hadron measurements, obtaining$$ \textrm{d}\sigma /\textrm{d}y=75.2\pm 3.2\left(\textrm{stat}.\right)\pm 5.2{\left(\textrm{syst}.\right)}_{-3.2}^{+12.3}\left(\textrm{extrap}.\right) $$ $d\sigma /dy=75.2\pm 3.2\left(\text{stat}.\right)\pm 5.2{\left(\text{syst}.\right)}_{-3.2}^{+12.3}\left(\text{extrap}.\right)$μb. 

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