Abstract Nitrate legacy is affecting groundwater sources across the tropics. This study describes isotopic and ionic spatial trends across a tropical, fractured, volcanic multi‐aquifer system in central Costa Rica in relation to land use change over four decades. Springs and wells (from 800 to 2,400 m asl) were sampled for NO3−and Cl−concentrations, δ18Owater, δ15NNO3, and δ18ONO3. A Bayesian isotope mixing model was used to estimate potential source contributions to the nitrate legacy in groundwater. Land use change was evaluated using satellite imagery from 1979 to 2019. The lower nitrate concentrations (<1 mg/L NO3−N) were reported in headwater springs near protected forested areas, while greater concentrations (up to ∼63 mg/L) were reported in wells (mid‐ and low‐elevation sites in the unconfined unit) and low‐elevation springs. High‐elevation springs were characterized by low Cl−and moderate NO3−/Cl−ratios, indicating the potential influence of soil nitrogen (SN) inputs. Wells and low‐elevation springs exhibited greater NO3−/Cl−ratios and Cl−concentrations above 100 μmol/L. Bayesian calculations suggest a mixture of sewage (domestic septic tanks), SN (forested recharge areas), and chemical fertilizers (coffee plantations), as a direct result of abrupt land use change in the last 40 years. Our results confirm the incipient trend in increasing groundwater nitrogen and highlight the urgent need for a multi‐municipal plan to transition from domestic septic tanks to regional sewage treatment and sustainable agricultural practices to prevent future groundwater quality degradation effectively.
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Climate and landform interact to control the source and transport of nitrate in Pacific Northwest rivers
Abstract The hydrological effects of climate change are documented in many regions; however, climate-driven impacts to the source and transport of river nutrients remain poorly understood. Understanding the factors controlling nutrient dynamics across river systems is critical to preserve ecosystem function yet challenging given the complexity of landscape and climate interactions. Here, we harness a large regional dataset of nitrate (NO3–) yield, concentration, and isotopic composition (δ15N and δ18O) to evaluate the strength of hydroclimate and landscape variables in controlling the seasonal source and transport of NO3–. We show that hydroclimate strongly influenced the seasonality of river NO3–, producing distinct, source-dependent NO3–regimes across rivers from two mountain ranges. Riverine responses to hydroclimate were also constrained by watershed-scale topographic features, demonstrating that while regional climate strongly influences the timing of river NO3–transport, watershed topography plays a distinct role in mediating the sensitivity of river NO3–dynamics to future change.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1922004
- PAR ID:
- 10539438
- Publisher / Repository:
- Communications Earth & Environment
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Communications Earth & Environment
- Volume:
- 5
- Issue:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 2662-4435
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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