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1. Copper‐Catalyzed C(sp ³ )−H α‐Acetylation: Generation of Quaternary Centers

   https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202418692  

   Okoromoba, Otome E; Chen, Ting‐An; Jang, Eun Sil; McMullin, Claire L; Cundari, Thomas R; Warren, Timothy H (January 2025, Angewandte Chemie International Edition)

   Abstract α‐substituted ketones are important chemical targets as synthetic intermediates as well as functionalities in natural products and pharmaceuticals. We report the α‐acetylation of C(sp³)−H substrates R−H with arylmethyl ketones ArC(O)Me to provide α‐alkylated ketones ArC(O)CH₂R at RT with^tBuOO^tBu as oxidant via copper(I) ‐diketiminato catalysts. Proceeding via alkyl radicals R•, this method enables α‐substitution with bulky substituents without competing elimination that occurs in more traditional alkylation reactions between enolates and alkyl electrophiles. DFT studies suggest the intermediacy of copper(II) enolates [Cu^II](CH₂C(O)Ar) that capture alkyl radicals R• to give R−CH₂C(O)Ar outcompeting dimerization of the copper(II) enolate to give the 1,4‐diketone ArC(O)CH₂CH₂C(O)Ar. 

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2. Homolytic Pd ^II –C Bond Cleavage in the MILRad Process: Reversibility and Termination Mechanism

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00277  

   Poli, Rinaldo; Nguyen, Dung; Liu, Yu-Sheng; Harth, Eva (August 2023, Organometallics)

   This work probed the thermal “switchability” from ethylene coordination/insertion to controlled radical polymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) for Brookhart-type α-diimine PdII catalysts. The investigation focused on the extremely bulky 2,6-bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-methylphenyl (Xyl4Ph) α-diimine N-substituents to probe reversible PdII–C bond activation in the MA-quenched Pd-capped PE intermediate and reversible trapping during radical MA polymerization. The substituent steric effect on the relative stability of various [PE–MA–PdII(ArN═CMeCMe═NAr)]+ chain-end structures and on the bond dissociation-free energy (BDFE) for the homolytic PdII–C bond cleavage has been assessed by DFT calculations at the full quantum mechanics (QM) and QM/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods. The structures comprise ester-chelated forms with the Pd atom bonded to the α, β, and γ C atoms as a result of 2,1 MA insertion into the PE–Pd bond and of subsequent chain walking, as well as related monodentate (ring-opened) forms resulting from the addition of MA or acetonitrile. The opened Cα-bonded form is electronically favored for smaller N-substituents, including 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (Dipp), particularly when MeCN is added, but the open Cγ-bonded form is preferred for the extremely bulky system with Ar = Xyl4Ph. The Pdα–C bond is the weakest one to cleave, with the BDFE decreasing as the Ar steric bulk is increased (31.8, 25.8, and 12.6 kcal mol–1 for Ph, Dipp, and Xyl4Ph, respectively). However, experimental investigations on the [PE–MA–PdII(ArN═CMeCMe═NAr)]+ (Ar = Xyl4Ph) macroinitiator do not show any evidence of radical formation under thermal activation conditions, while photolytic activation produces both TEMPO-trapped (TEMPO = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy) and unsaturated MA-containing PE chains. The DFT investigation has highlighted a low-energy pathway for termination of the PE–MA• radicals by disproportionation, promoted by β-H elimination/dissociation and H-atom abstraction from the PdII–H intermediate by a second radical. This phenomenon appears to be the main reason for the failure of this PdII system to control the radical polymerization of MA by the OMRP (OMRP = organometallic-mediated radical polymerization) mechanism. 

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3. Regioreversed Carbosulfenylation of Fluoroalkenes via Nickel‐Mediated Radical Sorting

   https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202509664  

   Zhu, Chuan; Liu, Qian; Wang, Nannan; Ma, Rui; Chen, Kai; Walsh, Patrick J; Guo, Kai; Feng, Chao (June 2025, Angewandte Chemie International Edition)

   Abstract Carbosulfenylation of olefins represents an important class of reactions for the synthesis of structurally diverse organosulfur compounds. Previous studies typically yield 1,2‐regioselectivity. In the context of diversity‐oriented synthesis, accessing the regioreversed products is desirable, significantly broadening the scope of these reactions. In this study, we report a nickel‐catalyzed 2,1‐carbosulfenylation of trifluoromethyl‐ andgem‐difluoroalkenes, using free thiols and benzyl bromides as sulfur and carbon sources, respectively. The unusual regioselectivity observed is enabled by a “radical sorting” mechanism. The Ni catalyst activates benzyl bromide to generate a benzylic radical that undergoes hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) with the thiol to form a sulfur‐centered radical. The sulfur radical subsequently adds to the fluoroalkenes, resulting in an α‐fluoroalkyl C‐radical. This radical undergoes S_H2 with a Ni–CH₂Ar to form a C(sp³)─C(sp³) bond and quaternary center, ultimately producing valuable fluoroalkyl thioethers. Isotopic labeling experiments corroborate a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) event within the working mechanism. 

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4. Ynamide and Azaalleneyl. Acid‐Base Promoted Chelotropic and Spin‐State Rearrangements in a Versatile Heterocumulene [(Ad)NCC( ^t Bu)] ⁻

   https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202401433  

   Russell, John B; Jafari, Mehrafshan G; Kim, Jun‐Hyeong; Pudasaini, Bimal; Ozarowski, Andrew; Telser, Joshua; Baik, Mu‐Hyun; Mindiola, Daniel J (May 2024, Angewandte Chemie International Edition)

   Abstract We introduce the heterocumulene ligand [(Ad)NCC(^tBu)]⁻(Ad=1‐adamantyl (C₁₀H₁₅),^tBu=tert‐butyl, (C₄H₉)), which can adopt two forms, the azaalleneyl and ynamide. This ligand platform can undergo a reversible chelotropic shift using Brønsted acid‐base chemistry, which promotes an unprecedented spin‐state change of the [V^III] ion. These unique scaffolds are prepared via addition of 1‐adamantyl isonitrile (C≡NAd) across the alkylidyne in complexes [(BDI)V≡C^tBu(OTf)] (A) (BDI⁻=ArNC(CH₃)CHC(CH₃)NAr), Ar=2,6‐ⁱPr₂C₆H₃) and [(dBDI)V≡C^tBu(OEt₂)] (B) (dBDI²⁻=ArNC(CH₃)CHC(CH₂)NAr). ComplexAreacts with C≡NAd, to generate the high‐spin [V^III] complex with a κ¹‐N‐ynamide ligand, [(BDI)V{κ¹‐N‐(Ad)NCC(^tBu)}(OTf)] (1). Conversely,Breacts with C≡NAd to generate a low‐spin [V^III] diamagnetic complex having a chelated κ²‐C,N‐azaalleneyl ligand, [(dBDI)V{κ²‐N,C‐(Ad)NCC(^tBu)}] (2). Theoretical studies have been applied to better understand the mechanism of formation of2and the electronic reconfiguration upon structural rearrangement by the alteration of ligand denticity between1and2. 

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5. A chemical dynamics study of the reaction of the methylidyne radical (CH, X ² Π) with dimethylacetylene (CH ₃ CCCH ₃ , X ¹ A _1g )

   https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CP04443E  

   He, Chao; Fujioka, Kazuumi; Nikolayev, Anatoliy A.; Zhao, Long; Doddipatla, Srinivas; Azyazov, Valeriy N.; Mebel, Alexander M.; Sun, Rui; Kaiser, Ralf I. (December 2021, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics)

   The gas-phase reaction of the methylidyne (CH; X 2 Π) radical with dimethylacetylene (CH 3 CCCH 3 ; X 1 A 1g ) was studied at a collision energy of 20.6 kJ mol −1 under single collision conditions with experimental results merged with ab initio calculations of the potential energy surface (PES) and ab initio molecule dynamics (AIMD) simulations. The crossed molecular beam experiment reveals that the reaction proceeds barrierless via indirect scattering dynamics through long-lived C 5 H 7 reaction intermediate(s) ultimately dissociating to C 5 H 6 isomers along with atomic hydrogen with atomic hydrogen predominantly released from the methyl groups as verified by replacing the methylidyne with the D1-methylidyne reactant. AIMD simulations reveal that the reaction dynamics are statistical leading predominantly to p28 (1-methyl-3-methylenecyclopropene, 13%) and p8 (1-penten-3-yne, 81%) plus atomic hydrogen with a significant amount of available energy being channeled into the internal excitation of the polyatomic reaction products. The dynamics are controlled by addition to the carbon–carbon triple bond with the reaction intermediates eventually eliminating a hydrogen atom from the methyl groups of the dimethylacetylene reactant forming 1-methyl-3-methylenecyclopropene (p28). The dominating pathways reveal an unexpected insertion of methylidyne into one of the six carbon–hydrogen single bonds of the methyl groups of dimethylacetylene leading to the acyclic intermediate, which then decomposes to 1-penten-3-yne (p8). Therefore, the methyl groups of dimethylacetylene effectively ‘screen’ the carbon–carbon triple bond from being attacked by addition thus directing the dynamics to an insertion process as seen exclusively in the reaction of methylidyne with ethane (C 2 H 6 ) forming propylene (CH 3 C 2 H 3 ). Therefore, driven by the screening of the triple bond, one propynyl moiety (CH 3 CC) acts in four out of five trajectories as a spectator thus driving an unexpected, but dominating chemistry in analogy to the methylidyne – ethane system. 

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