Title: Increasing Undergraduate Student Knowledge about Journal Peer Review Using Outside Reading and In-Class Discussion
Peer review is an important part of the scientific publishing process that serves as a key quality control step. Learning that scientific publications go through peer review builds scientific literacy and may increase trust in published findings. more »« less
Otto, Josie L.; McDowell, Gary S.; Balgopal, Meena M.; Lijek, Rebeccah S.
(, Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education)
McCartney, Melissa
(Ed.)
Education about scientific publishing and manuscript peer review is not universally provided in undergraduate science courses. Since peer review is integral to the scientific process and central to the identity of a scientist, we envision a paradigm shift where teaching peer review becomes integral to undergraduate science education.
Gross, Kevin; Bergstrom, Carl T.
(, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Peer review is an integral component of contemporary science. While peer review focuses attention on promising and interesting science, it also encourages scientists to pursue some questions at the expense of others. Here, we use ideas from forecasting assessment to examine how two modes of peer review—ex ante review of proposals for future work and ex post review of completed science—motivate scientists to favor some questions instead of others. Our main result is that ex ante and ex post peer review push investigators toward distinct sets of scientific questions. This tension arises because ex post review allows investigators to leverage their own scientific beliefs to generate results that others will find surprising, whereas ex ante review does not. Moreover, ex ante review will favor different research questions depending on whether reviewers rank proposals in anticipation of changes to their own personal beliefs or to the beliefs of their peers. The tension between ex ante and ex post review puts investigators in a bind because most researchers need to find projects that will survive both. By unpacking the tension between these two modes of review, we can understand how they shape the landscape of science and how changes to peer review might shift scientific activity in unforeseen directions.
Mattison, Kari A.; Merchak, Andrea R.; Wieman, Scott T.; Zimmer, Stephanie; Fankhauser, Sarah C.
(, Learned Publishing)
Abstract Young researchers are often excluded from the scholarly processes of peer‐review and publication, which are cornerstones of scholarly work. TheJournal of Emerging Investigatorsis an open access journal dedicated to publishing the research of middle and high school students. We surveyed student authors before and after they participated in the peer‐review and publication process of their scientific articles. Following peer‐review and publication, students report gains in their confidence and self‐efficacy in science, and increased feelings of identity and belonging in science. Our findings demonstrate that even the youngest scholars are capable of participating in the publication process, and our data suggest that participation in the process has positive outcomes.
Sarah C. Fankhauser
(, National Association for Research in Science Teaching)
In a typical science class, communication exercises may include a variety of outputs including lab reports, posters, reflective writing, or research proposals. However, a growing number of students are engaging in more complex and professional communication endeavors, including scientific publication. The chance to write a research paper and experience the peer-review and publication processes may provide students the opportunity to integrate several practices from the Next Generation Science Standards, as well as share their research in a more public setting. Although we have some limited understanding in terms of the outcomes that students experience when engaging in peer-review and publication of their science research papers, we have no information or data regarding why students want to participate in these processes. As such, the purpose of this study is to investigate the motivations of pre-college students to pursue peer-review and publication of their scientific research papers. Using the theory of science identity to analyze the data, I found that students view publication as a mechanism to grow their scientific skills and be recognized as a scientist. The findings suggest that providing students the opportunity to share their research in more public settings could be a factor in developing their science identity.
Barry, Rachael M. Increasing Undergraduate Student Knowledge about Journal Peer Review Using Outside Reading and In-Class Discussion. Retrieved from https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10554537. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education 24.1 Web. doi:10.1128/jmbe.00156-22.
Barry, Rachael M. Increasing Undergraduate Student Knowledge about Journal Peer Review Using Outside Reading and In-Class Discussion. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 24 (1). Retrieved from https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10554537. https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.00156-22
Barry, Rachael M.
"Increasing Undergraduate Student Knowledge about Journal Peer Review Using Outside Reading and In-Class Discussion". Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education 24 (1). Country unknown/Code not available: American Society for Microbiology (ASM). https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.00156-22.https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10554537.
@article{osti_10554537,
place = {Country unknown/Code not available},
title = {Increasing Undergraduate Student Knowledge about Journal Peer Review Using Outside Reading and In-Class Discussion},
url = {https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10554537},
DOI = {10.1128/jmbe.00156-22},
abstractNote = {Peer review is an important part of the scientific publishing process that serves as a key quality control step. Learning that scientific publications go through peer review builds scientific literacy and may increase trust in published findings.},
journal = {Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
publisher = {American Society for Microbiology (ASM)},
author = {Barry, Rachael M},
}
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