Electrification of the transportation industry is necessary; however, range anxiety has proven to be a major hindrance to individuals adopting electric vehicles (EVs). Agrivoltaic systems (AVS) can facilitate the transition to EVs by powering EV charging stations along major rural roadways, increasing their density and mitigating range anxiety. Here we conduct case study analyses of future EV power needs for Oregon, USA, and identify 174 kha of AVS viable agricultural land outside urban boundaries that is south facing and does not have prohibitive attributes (designated wetland, forested land, or otherwise protected lands). 86% highway access points have sufficient available land to supply EV charging stations with AVS. These AVS installations would occupy less than 3% (5 kha) of the identified available land area. Installing EV charging stations at these 86% highway access points would yield 231 EV charging stations with a median range of 5.9 km (3.6 mi), a distance comparable to driver expectations, suggesting that this approach would serve to mitigate range anxiety. AVS powered rural charging stations in Oregon could support the equivalent of 673,915 electric vehicles yr−1, reducing carbon emissions due to vehicle use in OR by 3.1 mil MTCO2yr−1, or 21%.
Optimal operation of aggregated electric vehicle charging stations coupled with energy storage
Charging stations are the basic infrastructure for accommodating the energy needs of electric vehicles (EVs). Companies are expected to invest in these charging stations by installing them at locations with a dense concentration of vehicles, such as parking places, commercial centres, and workplaces. In order for investors in EV charging stations to maximise their profits and mitigate the impact on the power grid, these stations would benefit from coupling with an energy storage system (ESS). ESS would be used to arbitrage energy and to balance out the time‐variant and uncertain EV energy demand. This study proposes a framework to optimise the offering/bidding strategy of an ensemble of charging stations coupled with ESS in the day‐ahead electricity market. The proposed framework accounts for degradation of the ESS, robust scheduling against price uncertainty, as well as stochastic energy demand from EVs. The results show the viability of the proposed framework in providing cost savings to an ensemble of EV charging stations.
more » « less- PAR ID:
- 10570804
- Publisher / Repository:
- DOI PREFIX: 10.1049
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
- Volume:
- 12
- Issue:
- 5
- ISSN:
- 1751-8687
- Format(s):
- Medium: X Size: p. 1127-1136
- Size(s):
- p. 1127-1136
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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