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1. Data report: revision of IODP Expedition 363 Site U1482 shipboard sediment splice based on X-ray fluorescence scanning elemental data

   https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.363.202.2020  

   Lübbers, J.; Holbourn, A.E.; Kuhnt, W.; Beil, S. (September 2020, Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program)

   null (Ed.)

   International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 363 recovered extended Neogene to Quaternary carbonate- and clay-rich sedimentary successions at Site U1482 (15°3.32ʹS, 120°26.10ʹE; 1466 m water depth), drilled at the southwestern edge of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool off northwest Australia (Rosenthal et al., 2018b). Four holes were drilled with the advanced piston corer (APC) system at this site and deepened with the half-length APC (HLAPC) and extended core barrel (XCB) systems. A shipboard splice, from 0 to 451.26 m core composite depth below seafloor (CCSF), was established. After the expedition, the cores were scanned at high-resolution (1–2 cm) using an Avaatech X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanner. Scanning was performed along the shipboard splice with approximately 1 m overlap at the splice tie points for verification. Based on this new data set, we revised nine of the original splice tie points. The revised splice for Site U1482 now extends to 445.11 m revised CCSF and is available from the IODP Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) database. 

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2. Expedition 390C Preliminary Report: South Atlantic Transect Reentry Systems

   https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.pr.390C.2021  

   Estes, E.R.; Williams, T.; Midgley, S.; Coggon, R.M.; Sylvan, J.B.; Christeson, G.L.; Teagle, D.A.H. (April 2021, Preliminary report)

   null (Ed.)

   International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 390C was implemented in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic and occupied sites proposed for the postponed Expeditions 390 and 393. The objectives for Expedition 390C were to core one hole at each site with the advanced piston corer/extended core barrel (APC/XCB) system to basement for gas safety monitoring and to install a reentry system with casing through the sediment to between ~5 m above basement and <5 m into basement in a second hole. These operations will expedite basement drilling during the rescheduled South Atlantic Transect Expeditions 390 and 393. The six primary sites for those expeditions form a transect perpendicular to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge on the South American plate, overlying crust ranging in age from 7 to 61 Ma. Basement coring will increase our understanding of how crustal alteration progresses over time across the flanks of a slow/intermediate spreading ridge and how microorganisms survive in deep subsurface environments. Sediment will be used in paleoceanographic and microbiological studies. Expedition 390C started in Kristiansand, Norway, and ended in Cape Town, South Africa, after 31 days of operations. We cored a single APC/XCB sediment hole to the contact with hard rock material at four of the six sites and successfully installed reentry systems with casing at three. Two failed attempts at drilling in casing and a reentry system into hard rock at Site U1558 indicate that the Dril-Quip reentry cones and running tools are incompatible with use in hard rock because the release mechanism does not work when the casing string weight cannot be fully removed from the running tool. Therefore, at Sites U1558 and U1559, casing was installed to ~10 m above basement. Site U1557 has a thick sediment cover (564 m) and will require multiple casing strings to reach basement; a single 16" casing string was installed to 60 meters below seafloor at this site, and later expeditions will extend casing. 

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3. Expedition 384 Scientific Prospectus: Engineering Testing

   https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.sp.384.2020  

   Rhinehart, B.; Blum, P. (July 2020, Scientific prospectus)

   null (Ed.)

   Expedition 384 is scheduled to begin in Kristiansand, Norway, on 20 July 2020 and end in Las Palmas, Spain, on 5 September and is dedicated to engineering testing as it relates to deep (>1 km) drilling and coring in igneous ocean crust. The Deep Crustal Drilling Engineering Working Group convened in 2017 to discuss recent issues with crustal drilling and recommended a number of technologies and tools for potential testing. The JOIDES Resolution Facility Board further prioritized the testing opportunities in 2018. The top priority of all recommendations was an evaluation of drilling and coring bits because coring bit wear, tear, and failure is the prevalent issue in deep crustal drilling attempts, requiring an excessive amount of fishing and hole cleaning time. The primary objective of Expedition 384 is to drill “pilot holes” using three types of drill bits: two tungsten carbide insert (TCI) tricone bits, a polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit, and a TCI/PDC hybrid bit. Additional tests include the deployment of an underreamer as well as a PDC coring bit to obtain samples for engineering testing. The results may lead to an initiative toward developing a better performing coring bit for future use by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). The site location for these tests has evolved with the multiple postponements of Expedition 384 for various reasons. The current primary site is Proposed Site REYK-13A (1520 m water depth) from postponed IODP Expedition 395; this site has ~210 m of recent to Pliocene clay or ooze overlaying basaltic basement that has not been drilled or cored to date. The plan is to drill 6 holes to ~100 m into the basement each. A second site was selected for operations should time and equipment remain to do so: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1309 (1653 m water depth), where basaltic and gabbroic rocks are exposed at the seafloor, has been cored to 102 m in Hole U1309B and 1415 m in Hole U1309D. The plan is drill one hole to ~200 m. Operations at Sites REYK-13A and U1309 are projected to take 22.4 days. Additional operating time became available for Expedition 384 as a result of the latest schedule changes. A secondary objective therefore includes the assessment and potential improvement of current procedures for advanced piston corer (APC) core orientation. A total of 4.6 days is allocated to triple-coring the top 70 m of sediment at Proposed Site REYK-6A (postponed Expedition 395), located 54 nm east of Proposed Site REYK-13A. 

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4. Site U1452

   https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.354.106.2016  

   France-Lanord, C; Spiess, V; Klaus, A; Adhikari, RR; Adhikari, SK; Bahk, J-J; Baxter, AT; Cruz, JW; Das, SK; Dekens, P; et al (September 2016, Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition reports)

   Site U1452 (proposed Site MBF-5A) is in the center of our seven-site transect. It is located in a relatively flat environment with a smooth morphology. Topographic expressions of channels are absent in the vicinity of the site. The seismic profile at this site reveals a prominent, >20 km wide, and up to 40 m thick levee; the top is only at ~5 m below the seafloor. At this site, we focused on coring the upper levee to provide a detailed record of this type of depositional system. Two holes were cored through this levee to allow high-resolution sedimentological, geophysical, geochemical, and micropaleontological investigations. A single mudline core from Hole U1452A was devoted to detailed study of the hemipelagic deposition during the last glacial cycle and to the Toba ash. Hole U1452B was cored to 217.7 m drilling depth below seafloor (DSF) for the study of the Upper Pleistocene section. Finally, Hole U1452C was cored to 41.3 m DSF to provide a more complete record of the levee and to allow more extensive sampling. 

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5. Expedition 395E Preliminary Report: Complete South Atlantic Transect Reentry Systems

   https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.pr.395E.2021  

   Williams, T.; Estes, E.R.; Rhinehart, B.; Coggon, R.M.; Sylvan, J.B.; Christeson, G.L.; Teagle, D.A.H. (December 2021, Preliminary report)

   International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expeditions 390C and 395E were implemented in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic and occupied sites proposed for the postponed Expeditions 390 and 393, South Atlantic Transect 1 and 2. Expedition 395E completed most of the preparatory work that Expedition 390C did not have time to complete. The overall objective of Expeditions 390C and 395E was to core one hole at each of the South Atlantic Transect sites with the advanced piston corer/extended core barrel (APC/XCB) system to basement for gas safety monitoring and to install a reentry system with casing through the sediment to a few meters into basement in a second hole. Expedition 395E started in Cape Town, South Africa, and ended in Reykjavík, Iceland, after 20 days of on-site operations. We cored to basement at two new sites, U1560 and U1561, and completed reentry systems at three sites, U1556, U1557, and U1560. These operations will expedite basement drilling during the rescheduled Expeditions 390 and 393. Hole U1560A (Proposed Site SATL-25A) lies in ~15.2 Ma crust and is composed of carbonate-rich sediments to 120 meters below seafloor (mbsf) and 2.5 m of underlying basalt. A reentry system was deployed in Hole U1560B to 122.0 mbsf. We then moved to the sites at the western end of the transect on ~61 Ma crust. In Hole U1557D, 10¾ inch casing was deployed to 571.6 mbsf to deepen the 16 inch casing that was deployed during Expedition 390C, and in Hole U1556B, a reentry system was deployed to 284.2 mbsf. The remaining operations time was insufficient to install a reentry system at the originally planned site, Proposed Site SATL-33B. Instead, we cored Hole U1561A (Proposed Site SATL-55A) to 47 mbsf. It is composed of red clay and carbonate ooze overlying 3 m of basalt. The six primary sites of the South Atlantic Transect lie perpendicular to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge on the South American plate, overlying crust ranging in age from 7 to 61 Ma. Basement coring will increase our understanding of how crustal alteration progresses over time across the flanks of a slow/intermediate-spreading ridge and how microorganisms survive in deep subsurface environments. Sediment will be used in paleoceanographic and microbiological studies. 

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