<?xml-model href='http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng' schematypens='http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0'?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
	<teiHeader>
		<fileDesc>
			<titleStmt><title level='a'>BSCAMPP: Batch-Scaled Phylogenetic Placement on Large Trees</title></titleStmt>
			<publicationStmt>
				<publisher>IEEE</publisher>
				<date>01/01/2025</date>
			</publicationStmt>
			<sourceDesc>
				<bibl> 
					<idno type="par_id">10584552</idno>
					<idno type="doi">10.1109/TCBBIO.2025.3562281</idno>
					<title level='j'>IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics</title>
<idno>2998-4165</idno>
<biblScope unit="volume"></biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue"></biblScope>					

					<author>Eleanor Wedell</author><author>Chengze Shen</author><author>Tandy Warnow</author>
				</bibl>
			</sourceDesc>
		</fileDesc>
		<profileDesc>
			<abstract><ab><![CDATA[El e a n or We d ell , C h e n g z e S h e n , a n d Ta n d y War n o w 3 A bstr a ct -P h yl o g e n eti c pl a c e m e nt is t h e p r o bl e m of pl a ci n g s e-4 q u e n c es i nt o a gi v e n p h yl o g e n eti c t r e e, c all e d a " b a c k b o n e t r e e ".]]></ab></abstract>
		</profileDesc>
	</teiHeader>
	<text><body xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<div xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><p>2 0 T h e r est of t h e p a p er is or g a ni z e d as f oll o ws. We b e gi n 1 1 2 i n S e cti o n II wit h pr eli mi n ar y e x p eri m e nts e v al u ati n g E P A-n g t h e " d elt a err or " (s e e S e cti o n I V-G) a n d r u nti m e. We f o u n d t h at 1 3 p pl a c er is at l e ast as a c c ur at e as E P A-n g a n d h as a s m all er p e a k 1 3 m e m or y us a g e, a n d t h at E P A-n g is m u c h f ast er t h a n p pl a c er. We 1 3 als o f o u n d t h at pl a c e m e nt err or i n cr e as e d f or E P A-n g w h e n t h e 1 3 b a c k b o n e tr e e si z e i n cr e as e d fr o m 2 0 0 0 t o 5 0 0 0 l e a v es, a n d t h at 1 3 t h e i n cr e as e i n err or w as l ar g e f or q u er y s e q u e n c es t h at w er e 1 3 s h ort ( 1 0 % of f ull-l e n gt h, s o &#8764; 1 5 5 nt). s et Q of q u er y s e q u e n c es, a m ulti pl e s e q u e n c e ali g n m e nt of 1 4 t h e s e q u e n c es at t h e l e a v es of t h e tr e e as w ell as Q , a n d a S (q, s ) is c o m p ut e d b et w e e n e v er y q u er y s e q u e n c e q a n d l e af 1 5 s e q u e n c e s , usi n g t h e m ulti pl e s e q u e n c e ali g n m e nt (s e e S e cti o n 1 5 S 2. 1i n t h e S u p pl e m e nt ar y M at eri als). E a c h q u er y s e q u e n c e q 1 5 t h e n v ot es f or v l e a v es wit h t h e l ar g est si mil arit y s c or es t o q ; q u er y s e q u e n c e t o o n e of t h e s u btr e es, u ntil e a c h q u er y s e q u e n c e t e c h ni q u e, e x c e pt t h at i n S C A M P P, e a c h q u er y s e q u e n c e pi c ks 1 7 a si n gl e pl a c e m e nt s u btr e e; t h er ef or e, i n t h e S C A M P P d esi g n, 1 7 it is p ossi bl e t h at t h er e will b e as m a n y pl a c e m e nt tr e es as t h er e 1 7 ar e q u er y s e q u e n c es. B S C A M P P fr a m e w or k (r e q uiri n g O (r ql ) f or q q u eri es of l e n gt h S el e ct v t o p-s c ori n g l e a v es as t h e v ot es of q . cl o s e st (q ) &#8592; ar g m a x s S (q, s ). e n d f o r I niti ali z e T &#8592; &#8709; , S e e d s &#8592; &#8709; .</p><p>St a g e 2 a ( C o nst r u cti n g T , t h e s et of s u bt r e es, a n d i niti al assi g n m e nt of q u e r y s e q u e n c es) : w hil e t h er e ar e q u er y s e q u e n c es n ot y et S e e d s &#8592; x, T &#8592; t x . f o r e v er y u n assi g n e d q u er y s e q u e n c e q d o if cl o s e st (q ) &#8712; t x t h e n assi g n q t o t    T h e b as e e x p eri m e nt al c o n diti o n us es q u er y s e q u e n c es t h at 2 0 ar e 1 0 % of t h e l e n gt h of t h e a v er a g e f ull-l e n gt h s e q u e n c e q u er y s e q u e n c e l e n gt h, a d di n g s e q u e n ci n g err or i nt o t h e q u er y A P P L E S-2, a n d A p p-S p a M, usi n g r e a ds wit h s e q u e n ci n g 2 1 err or.        eri m e nts wit h 1 0, 0 0 0 or m or e 2 5 3 q u er y s e q u e n c es), t h e q u er y s e q u e n c es w er e s plit i nt o s u bs ets 2 5 4 of 2 5 0 s e q u e n c es e a c h. S C A M P P( e), S C A M P P( p), a n d U S h E R 2 5 5 w er e t h e n r u n f or e a c h s u bs et c o nt ai ni n g 2 5 0 q u er y s e q u e n c es.   R os e [ 2 7], e a c h wit h 7 8, 1 3 2 s e q u e n c es i n a m ulti pl e s e q u e n c e a n d 1 0, 0 0 0 s e q u e n c es f or t h e q u er y s e q u e n c es. We pl a c e d t h e i n t h e t esti n g e x p eri m e nts.</p><p>F or E x p eri m e nts 3 a n d 4 w e si m ul at e d r e a ds wit h s e q u e n ci n g 3 3 4 err or. Ill u mi n a r e a ds (l e n gt h 1 5 0) w er e g e n er at e d usi n g t h e A R T 3 3 5 s e q u e n c e si m ul at or [ 3 4], a n d P a c Bi o r e a ds (l e n gt h 4 5 0) wit h 3 3 6 hi g h er s e q u e n ci n g err or w er e si m ul at e d usi n g P B SI M [ 3 5].  p eri m e nts o n t h e t w o al g orit h m d esi g n d at as ets t o s et t h e v al u es 3 7 0 f or t w o p ar a m et ers: t h e si z e of t h e s u btr e es a n d t h e n u m b er 3 7 1 of v ot es p er q u er y s e q u e n c e. We v ari e d t h e s u btr e e p ar a m et er 3 7 2 s etti n g fr o m 1 0 0 0, 2 0 0 0, 3 0 0 0, 5 0 0 0 a n d 1 0, 0 0 0 l e a v es. F or e a c h 3 7 3 s u btr e e si z e, w e r a n B S C A M P P( e) wit h 5 a n d 2 5 v ot es p er q u er y 3 7 4 s e q u e n c e. R es ults f or t his e x p eri m e nt ar e s h o w n i n Fi g. 1 (s e e 3 7 5 als o t h e S u p pl e m e nt ar y M at eri als Ta bl e S 1). ti m e us e d t o p erf or m t h e q u er y ali g n m e nt ( a p pr o x. 2 9 mi n ut es 4 3 7 f or 1 6 S. B. A L L, 1 1 5 mi n ut es f or R N A Si m, a n d 5 5 mi n ut es f or 4 3 8 nt 7 8). T h us, A p p-S p a M, w hi c h is ali g n m e nt-fr e e, is m u c h f ast er 4 3 9 t h a n t h e ot h er m et h o ds, w hi c h all r e q uir e q u er y ali g n m e nts. T h e 4 4 0 m et h o ds als o diff er e d wit h r es p e ct t o p e a k m e m or y us a g e, wit h 4 4 1 E P A-n g h a vi n g t h e hi g h est m e m or y r e q uir e m e nt a n d A p p-S p a M 4 4 2 t h e s e c o n d hi g h est; t h e ot h er m et h o ds h a v e v er y l o w m e m or y 4 4 3 us a g e o n t h es e d at as ets.   tr e e a n d us e d t h e r e m ai ni n g 1 0 0 0 s e q u e n c es t o g e n er at e q u er y 4 9 0 Fi g. 3. E x p eri m e nt 2: P erf or m a n c e usi n g esti m at e d q u er y s e q u e n c e ali g n m e nts o n t esti n g d at a. We s h o w fr o m l eft t o ri g ht -M e a n d elt a err or, t ot al r u nti m e, a n d p e a k m e m or y us a g e i n G B f or t hr e e d at as ets pl a ci n g l ar g e s ets of q u eri es i nt o l ar g e esti m at e d r ef er e n c e tr e es. T h e q u er y s e q u e n c es ar e a m e a n of 1 0 % of t h e ori gi n al u n g a p p e d s e q u e n c e l e n gt h (i. e., &#8764; 1 3 7 nt f or 1 6 S. s e q u e n c es. T h es e q u er y s e q u e n c es w er e g e n er at e d u n d er t w o 4 9 m o d els of s e q u e n ci n g err or: Ill u mi n a a n d P a c Bi o.  o n all 1 0, 0 0 0 q u eri es ( wit h o ut A P P L E S-2), s e e S u p pl e m e nt ar y 4 9 Fi g. S 4. Tr e e) of 1 8 0, 0 0 0 l e a v es a n d pl a ci n g 2 0, 0 0 0 q u er y s e q u e n c es of 5 5 1 0 % of t h e f ull-l e n gt h. We i n cl u d e d all f o ur of o ur pi p eli n es, i. e., 5 5 B S C A M P P( e), B S C A M P P( p), S C A M P P( e), a n d S C A M P P( p).   </p></div>
<div xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><head>nt m et h o ds ( B S C A M P P( e), A P P L E S-2, U S h E R, a n d A p p -S p a M). T h e r u nti m e s h o w n i n cl u d es t h e ti m e t o a d d s e q u e n c es i nt o t h e r ef er e n c e ali g n m e nt usi n g U P P f or B S C A M P P( e), A P P L E S-2, a n d U S h E R. t wi c e t h e err or of t h e l e ast a c c ur at e of t h es e pi p eli n es) a n d 5 5 A P P L E S-2 h a d m u c h hi g h er err or. B et w e e n t h e f o ur pi p eli n es,</head></div>
<div xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><head>T h e r u nti m e s h o w n i n cl u d es t h e ti m e t o ali g n t h e q u er y s e q u e n c es t o t h e r ef er e n c e ali g n m e nt ( n e e d e d f or all m et h o ds ot h er t h a n A p p-S p a M).</head><p>hi g h m e m or y r e q uir e m e nts, m a ki n g all of t h es e m et h o ds u n a bl e pl a ci n g 2 0, 0 0 0 s e q u e n c es i nt o t h e tr e e, w h e n gi v e n a d e q u at e 6 1 0 m e m or y ( E x p eri m e nt 5).   i. e., B S C A M P P( e), is e xtr e m el y f ast, a n d i n m a n y c as es as f ast 7 0 as A P P L E S-2. F urt h er m or e, B S C A M P P( e) s c al es w ell wit h t h e 7 0 n u m b er of q u er y s e q u e n c es a n d q u er y s e q u e n c e l e n gt h, m a ki n g    e n a bl es e xt e n di n g s p e ci es tr e es usi n g si n gl e g e n es," S yst e m ati c Bi ol. , 7 9 v ol. 7 2, n o. 1, p p. 1 7 -3 4, 2 0 2 3.       d oi: 1 0. 1 1 8 6/s 1 3 0 1 5-0 2 3-0 0 2 4 7-x . p p. 1 1 9 -1 2 1, J a n. 2 0 1 3, d oi: 1 0. 1 0 9 3/ bi oi nf or m ati cs/ bts 6 4 9 . </p></div>
<div xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><head>T h er ef or e, 6 3 t h e fi n di n g t h at B S C A M P P( e) is m u c h f ast er t h a n t h e ot h er 6 3 li k eli h o o d-b as e d m et h o ds o n t h es e d at as ets m a k es it p er h a ps t h e 6 3 m et h o d of c h oi c e f or m ost a p pli c ati o ns w h er e s p e e d is i m p ort a nt.</head></div></body>
		</text>
</TEI>
