This study investigates how high school-aged youth engage in algorithm auditing to identify and understand biases in artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) tools they encounter daily. With AI/ML technologies being increasingly integrated into young people’s lives, there is an urgent need to equip teenagers with AI literacies that build both technical knowledge and awareness of social impacts. Algorithm audits (also called AI audits) have traditionally been employed by experts to assess potential harmful biases, but recent research suggests that non-expert users can also participate productively in auditing. We conducted a two-week participatory design workshop with 14 teenagers (ages 14–15), where they audited the generative AI model behind TikTok’s Effect House, a tool for creating interactive TikTok filters. We present a case study describing how teenagers approached the audit, from deciding what to audit to analyzing data using diverse strategies and communicating their results. Our findings show that participants were engaged and creative throughout the activities, independently raising and exploring new considerations, such as age-related biases, that are uncommon in professional audits. We drew on our expertise in algorithm auditing to triangulate their findings as a way to examine if the workshop supported participants to reach coherent conclusions in their audit. Although the resulting number of changes in race, gender, and age representation uncovered by the teens were slightly different from ours, we reached similar conclusions. This study highlights the potential for auditing to inspire learning activities to foster AI literacies, empower teenagers to critically examine AI systems, and contribute fresh perspectives to the study of algorithmic harms. 
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                            Reflective Design for Informal Participatory Algorithm Auditing: A Case Study with Emotion AI
                        
                    
    
            This paper suggests how reflective design can aid informal participatory algorithm auditing. Drawing from reflective design, we designed a simple web-form probe to invite critical reflection on Emotion AI, ethically controversial techniques predicting individuals’ emotions. Participants engaged the probe throughout their daily lives for about a week. Then, we interviewed participants about their experiences and reflections. Our findings surface themes around participants’ (i) critiques of Emotion AI, (ii) factors contributing to inaccuracy, and (iii) patterns of miscategorization. Our discussion contributes (1) recommendations for Emotion AI and (2) how reflective design may offer considerations to inform algorithm auditing. Overall, our paper suggests ways critically-oriented design research can engage AI ethics through informal, participatory, exploratory algorithm auditing. 
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                            - Award ID(s):
- 2335974
- PAR ID:
- 10595799
- Publisher / Repository:
- ACM
- Date Published:
- ISBN:
- 9798400709661
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 1 to 17
- Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
- Emotion AI reflective design algorithm audit
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Location:
- Uppsala Sweden
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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