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We have revisited the Kittel model that describes antiferroelectricity (AFE) in terms of two sublattices of spontaneous polarization with antiparallel couplings. By constructing a comprehensive phase diagram including the antiferroelectric, ferroelectric, and paraelectric phases in the parameter space, we have identified an AFE phase with stable antipolar states and metastable polar states (SAMP) when the coupling between the two sublattices is weak. We find that the metastability of the polar state in the SAMP AFE phase can lead to apparent ferroelectric behavior, depending on the measurement timescale—for example, the frequency of the applied electric field. This explains the observed ferroelectric behavior of orthorhombic hafnia, which is predicted to be antipolar from density functional theory calculations.
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This content will become publicly available on December 1, 2026
Publisher Correction: Ferroelectricity at the extreme thickness limit in the archetypal antiferroelectric PbZrO3
Size-driven transition of an antiferroelectric into a polar ferroelectric or ferrielectric state is a strongly debated issue from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. While critical thickness limits for such transitions have been explored, a bottom-up approach in the ultrathin limit considering few atomic layers could provide insight into the mechanism of stabilization of the polar phases over the antipolar phase seen in bulk PbZrO3. Here, we use first-principles density functional theory to predict the stability of polar phases in Pt/PbZrO3/Pt nanocapacitors. In a few atomic layer thick slabs of PbZrO3 sandwiched between Pt electrodes, we find that the polar phase originating from the well established R3c phase of bulk PbZrO3 is energetically favorable over the antipolar phase originating from the Pbam phase of bulk PbZrO3. The famous triple-well potential of antiferroelectric PbZrO3 is modified in the nanocapacitor limit in such a way as to swap the positions of the global and local minima, stabilizing the polar phase relative to the antipolar one. The size effect is decomposed into the contributions from dimensionality reduction, surface charge screening, and interfacial relaxation, which reveals that it is the creation of well-compensated interfaces that stabilizes the polar phases over the antipolar ones in nanoscale PbZrO3.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2219476
- PAR ID:
- 10600524
- Publisher / Repository:
- npj Computational Materials
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- npj Computational Materials
- Volume:
- 11
- Issue:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 2057-3960
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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