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Abstract Lamins form a dense meshwork at the inner surface of the inner nuclear membrane (INM), where they interact with other nuclear envelope proteins such as emerin. Emerin is an integral membrane protein that is part of the LEM (LAP2/emerin/MAN1) domain family, and mutations in either emerin or lamin A/C can result in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) and other striated muscle diseases. Emerin is retained at the INM through direct interaction with lamin A/C, and emerin’s proper subcellular localization is critical for its ability to influence the mechanical properties of the nucleus and participate in various signaling processes. Nonetheless, the requirements for interaction between emerin and lamin A/C at the INM remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that two distinct regions of lamin A/C are each sufficient to properly localize emerin to the INM and prevent emerin’s lateral diffusion within the INM. In addition to a previously described region of the lamin A/C tail domain able to bind emerin, we identify a novel emerin-interacting domain comprising the linker between the rod and Ig-like fold domains of lamin A/C. We further demonstrate that stably anchoring emerin to the INM requires assembly of A-type lamins into a filamentous network. Collectively, our findings suggest a revised model for emerin retention at the INM, which predicts that two independent lamin A/C domains are required to retain emerin at the nuclear envelope, thereby illuminating how diverse mutations in lamin A/C result in EDMD.
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This content will become publicly available on January 23, 2026
Diffusion-driven self-assembly of emerin nanodomains at the nuclear envelope
Emerin, a nuclear membrane protein with important biological roles in mechanotransduction and nuclear shape adaptation, self-assembles into nanometer-size domains at the inner nuclear membrane. The size and emerin occupancy of these nanodomains change with applied mechanical stress as well as under emerin mutations associated with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). Through a combination of theory and experiment, we show here that a simple reaction-diffusion model explains the self-assembly of emerin nanodomains. Our model yields quantitative agreement with experimental observations on the size and occupancy of emerin nanodomains for wild-type emerin and EDMD-associated mutations of emerin, with and without applied forces, and allows successful prediction of emerin diffusion coefficients from observations of the overall properties of emerin nanodomains. Our results provide a physical understanding of EDMD-associated defects in emerin organization in terms of changes in key reaction and diffusion properties of emerin and its nuclear binding partners.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2202087
- PAR ID:
- 10609955
- Publisher / Repository:
- American Physical Society
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Physical review research
- ISSN:
- 2643-1564
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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