identified by multi-dimensional scaling indicate that North Tianshan is the source for TT and ZBS during the latest Carboniferous-early Permian. But south Central Tianshan became the main source solely to ZBS. During late Permian-Early Triassic, both north and central Tianshan became the common sources to the three areas due to enhanced denudation. The source change in mid-Permian across a regional unconformity is synchronous with Paleo-Asian Ocean closure and arc-continent and continent-continent collisions, which occurred no later than Guadalupian.