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This article investigates the impacts of coordinated false data injection attacks (FDIAs) on voltage profiles in smart microgrids integrated with renewable-based distributed energy resources (DERs), a critical component of urban energy infrastructure in smart cities. By leveraging simulation and experimental methods, a coordinated framework is developed for understanding and mitigating these threats, ensuring the stability of renewable-based DERs integral to modern urban systems. In the examined framework, a team of attackers independently identify the optimal times of two different cyberattacks leading to undervoltage and overvoltage in a smart microgrid. The objective function of each model is to increase the voltage violation in the form of either overvoltage or undervoltage caused by the corresponding FDIA. In such a framework, the attackers design a multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) simultaneously resulting in voltage violations in the most vulnerable regions of the targeted microgrid. Considering the conflict between objective functions in the developed MOOP, a Pareto-based solution methodology is utilized to obtain a set of optimal solutions, called non-dominated solutions, as well as the best compromise solution (BCS). The effectiveness of the unified FDIA is verified based on simulation and experimental validations. In this regard, the IEEE 13-node test feeder has been modified as a microgrid for the simulation analysis, whereas the experimental validation has been performed on a lab-scale hybrid PV/wind microgrid containing renewable energy resources.
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This content will become publicly available on July 28, 2026
Emphasizing Electro-Thermal Dynamics for Design, Modeling, and Control of Microgrids
This article studies the design, modeling, and control of microgrid systems with the inclusion of internal electro-thermal dynamics. Microgrids play a vital role in integrating renewable energy and enabling distributed energy systems. However, their complexity arising from diverse and dynamic components necessitates advanced control strategies. While existing works often utilize model-based controllers, the focus is primarily on electrical dynamics, with limited attention to the thermal behavior of components. The intricate interplay between electrical and thermal power terms heavily impacts component behavior, exemplified by the dependency of photovoltaic (PV) module electricity production on temperature. This article addresses the limited studies on electro-thermal microgrid dynamics through three contributions. First, a candidate microgrid design is developed to utilize electro-thermal knowledge, incorporating active cooling for PVs. Second, a graph-based modeling methodology is expanded to represent microgrid component- and system-level dynamics. Third, a hierarchical control framework is developed to define controllers for microgrids using the graphical model. Controllers produced from the framework enable management of electro-thermal behavior while adhering to battery charge limits. Case studies utilizing realistic environmental data are explored to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. Results indicate design and model-based control that integrate electro-thermal dynamics provide improvements to energy generation and performance even under nonideal conditions.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2324707
- PAR ID:
- 10637173
- Publisher / Repository:
- IEEE
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- IEEE Access
- Volume:
- 13
- ISSN:
- 2169-3536
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 134014 to 134030
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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