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1. Development of a Post-stroke Upper Limb Rehabilitation Wearable Sensor for Use in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Pilot Validation Study

   https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00322  

   Hughes, Charmayne M.; Louie, Alexander; Sun, Selena; Gordon-Murer, Chloe; Belay, Gashaw Jember; Baye, Moges; Zhang, Xiaorong (November 2019, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology)
2. The potential for solar-powered groundwater irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa

   Cowell, C.; Gallaher, M.; Schwartz, A. (November 2022, RTI Press occasional paper)

   Cowell, C., Gallaher, M., Larson, J., and Schwartz, A. (2022). The Potential for Solar-Powered Groundwater Irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Exploratory Analysis. RTI Press Publication No. OP‑0079‑2211. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI Press. https://doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.op.0079.2211 

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3. The Earliest Fossil of the African Clawed Frog (Genus Xenopus) from Sub-Saharan Africa

   https://doi.org/10.1670/18-139  

   Blackburn, David C.; Paluh, Daniel J.; Krone, Isaac; Roberts, Eric M.; Stanley, Edward L.; Stevens, Nancy J. (May 2019, Journal of Herpetology)
4. Temperature and precipitation affect the water fetching time burden in Sub-Saharan Africa

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58780-9  

   Paulos, Abigail Harvey; Carroll, David A; Powers, Julie; Campolo, Jake; Kim, Daehyun Daniel; Cohn, Avery; Pickering, Amy J (December 2025, Nature Communications)

   Abstract In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), over 75% of households lack on-premises water access, requiring residents to spend time walking to collect water from outside their homes – a time burden that falls disproportionately on women and girls. Climate change is predicted to alter precipitation and temperature patterns in SSA, which could impact household water access. Here, we use spatial first differences to assess the causal effects of weather on water fetching walk time using household survey data (n = 979,759 observations from 31 countries) merged with geo- and temporally-linked precipitation and temperature data over time periods ranging from 7 to 365 days. We find increases in precipitation reduce water fetching times; a 1 cm increase in weekly rainfall over the past year decreases walking time by 3.5 min. Higher temperatures increase walk times, with a 1°C increase in temperature over the past year increasing walking time by 0.76 min. Rural household water fetching times are more impacted by recent weather compared to urban households; however, electricity access in rural communities mitigates the effect. Our findings suggest that future climate change will increase the water fetching burden in SSA, but that co-provision of electricity and water infrastructure may be able to alleviate this burden. 

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5. Latent demand for electricity in sub-Saharan Africa: a review

   https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/ac5fb2  

   Van-Hein Sackey, Charles; Levin, Todd; Nock, Destenie (June 2022, Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability)

   Abstract Universal access to electricity is an essential part of sub-Saharan Africa’s path to development. With the United Nations setting Goal 7 of its sustainable development goals to be universal access to clean, reliable and affordable electricity, substantial research efforts have been made to optimize electricity supply based on projected demand in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Our study reviews the literature on electricity demand, with a specific focus on latent demand (i.e., electricity demand that would exist if the necessary techno-economic conditions were met) in SSA. We found that out of 57 electricity demand papers reviewed, only 3 (5%) incorporated latent demand in their electricity demand projections. Furthermore, majority of the literature on electricity consumption and demand estimation in SSA use econometric models to identify determinants of electricity consumption and project future demand. We find that population density, urbanization, household income, electricity price, market value of crops and availability of natural resources to be significant determinants of electricity consumption in SSA. We conclude the review by proposing a methodology, and providing an initial proof of concept, for more accurately projecting latent demand in sub-Saharan Africa. Incorporating latent demand in electrification models would help inform energy sector stakeholders (e.g., investors and policymakers) about which sectors and geographic locations hold potential for wealth creation via electricity access. 

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