Abstract Although Cherenkov detectors of high-energy neutrinos in ice and water are often optimized to detect teraelectronvolt–petaelectronvolt neutrinos, they may also be sensitive to transient neutrino sources in the 1–100 GeV energy range. A wide variety of transient sources have been predicted to emit gigaelectronvolt neutrinos. In light of the upcoming IceCube Upgrade, which will extend the IceCube detector’s sensitivity down to a few gigaelectronvolts, as well as improve its angular resolution, we survey a variety of transient-source models and compare their predicted neutrino fluences to detector sensitivities, in particular those of IceCube-DeepCore and the IceCube Upgrade. We consider ranges of neutrino fluence from transients powered by nonrelativistic shocks, such as novae, supernovae, fast blue optical transients, and tidal disruption events. We also consider fast radio bursts and relativistic outflows of high- and low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts. Our study sheds light on the prospects of observing gigaelectronvolt transients with existing and upcoming neutrino facilities.
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The LED calibration systems for the mDOM and D-Egg sensor modules of the IceCube Upgrade: Design, production, testing and use in module calibration
Abstract The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, instrumenting about 1 km3of deep, glacial ice at the geographic South Pole, is due to be enhanced with the IceCube Upgrade. The IceCube Upgrade, to be deployed during the 2025/26 Antarctic summer season, will consist of seven new strings of photosensors, densely embedded near the bottom center of the existing array. Aside from a world-leading sensitivity to neutrino oscillations, a primary goal is the improvement of the calibration of the optical properties of the instrumented ice. This calibration will be applied to the entire archive of IceCube data, improving the angular and energy resolution of the detected neutrino events. For this purpose, the Upgrade strings include a host of new calibration devices. Aside from dedicated calibration modules, several thousand LED flashers have been incorporated into the photosensor modules. We describe the design, production, and testing of these LED flashers before their integration into the sensor modules as well as the use of the LED flashers during lab testing of assembled sensor modules.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2042807
- PAR ID:
- 10668273
- Author(s) / Creator(s):
- ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »
- Publisher / Repository:
- IOP Publishing for Sissa Medialab
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Instrumentation
- Volume:
- 20
- Issue:
- 11
- ISSN:
- 1748-0221
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- P11026
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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