An official website of the United States government
Internet of Things (IoT) devices are mostly small and operate wirelessly on limited battery supply, and therefore have stringent constraints on power consumption and hardware resources. Therefore, energy-efficient (low energy) design is paramount for the successful deployment of resource constrained IoT devices. Further, Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have evolved as a popular hardware security primitive for low cost, mass produced IoT devices with very constrained resources. Energy harvesting technologies utilizing solar cells are being used in ultra-low power IoT devices to satisfy the energy requirement. In this paper, we utilize the intrinsic variations in solar cells to design a novel solar cell based PUF. As a proof of concept, we have used the Tiva TM4C123GH6PM microcontroller to build our solar cell based PUF. From our experiments, we found that the proposed solar cell based PUF has the uniformity value of 49.21% which is close to the ideal value of 50%. Further, the proposed solar cell based PUF has worst case reliabilities of 92.97% and 90.62% with variations in temperature and light intensity, respectively.
more »
« less
A Reconfigurable Optoelectronic PUF Based on Dual-Gate Silicon Photodiodes for Privacy Preserving IoT
A dual-gate Si photodiode (PD) is proposed as an optoelectronic physical unclonable function (PUF) for its high reconfigurability, resistance to adversarial attacks, and all-silicon construction. Leveraging its high-capacity photoresponse via gating, the figures-of-merit of this PUF (uniformity, uniqueness, reliability) are on par with prior technologies. Furthermore, its reconfigurability (45) yields high-capacity keys for privacy-preserving Internet-of-Things (IoT), which effectively mask user images from attackers. Altogether, PD-based PUFs offer a promising solution for edge cryptosystems in IoT networks with low hardware overhead.
more »
« less
- PAR ID:
- 10673724
- Publisher / Repository:
- IEEE Electron Device Letters
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- IEEE Electron Device Letters
- Volume:
- 47
- Issue:
- 4
- ISSN:
- 0741-3106
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 824 to 827
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
-
his work presents a sustainable cybersecurity solution using Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF), Trusted Platform Module (TPM), and Tangle Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) for sustainable device and data security. Security-by-Design (SbD) or Hardware- Assisted Security (HAS) solutions have gained much prominence due to the requirement of tamper-proof storage for hardwareassisted cryptography solutions. Designing complex security mechanisms can impact their efficiency as IoT applications are more decentralized. In the proposed architecture, we presented a novel TPM-enabled PUF-based security mechanism with effective integration of PUF with TPM. The proposed mechanism is based on the process of sealing the PUF key in the TPM, which cannot be accessed outside the TPM and can only be unsealed by the TPM itself. A specified NV-index is assigned to each IoT node for sealing the PUF key to TPM using the Media Access Control (MAC) address. Access to the TPM's Non-Volatile Random Access Memory (NVRAM) is defined by the TPM's Enhanced Authorization policies as specified by the Trust Computing Group (TCG). The proposed architecture uses Tangle for sustainable data security and storage in decentralized IoT systems through a Masked Authentication Messaging (MAM) scheme for efficient and secure access control to Tangle. We validated the proposed approach through experimental analysis and implementation, which substantiates the potential of the presented PUFchain 4.0 for decentralized IoT-driven security solutions.more » « less
-
Padhy, Sudarsan; Oria, Vincent (Ed.)The simplicity, low cost, and scalability of Internet of Things (IoT) devices have led researchers to study their applications in a wide range of areas such as Healthcare, Transportation, and Agriculture. IoT devices help farmers to monitor the conditions in a field. These are connected to edge devices for real-time analysis. The edge servers send commands to actuators in the farm directly, without human intervention. At the same time, security vulnerabilities are a big concern, concomitant with the increasing utilization of IoT devices. If the duplication of an IoT device occurs and attackers gain access to the system, then the integrity of the entire ecosystem will be at stake, regardless of the application domain. This paper presents a Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) based hardware security primitive for the authentication of Internet of Agro-Things (IoAT) devices. The proposed security scheme has been prototyped with a testbed evaluation. An arbiter PUF module has been used for the validation of the proposed scheme. The PUF based security primitive is lightweight, scalable, and robust as it mainly depends on inherent manufacturing variations, thereby ensuring no chance for the duplication of IoT devices.more » « less
-
Internet of Things (IoT) have broad and deep penetration into our society, and many of them are resource-constrained, calling for lightweight security protocols. Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) leverage physical variations of circuits to produce responses unique for individual devices, and hence are not reproducible even by their manufacturers. Implementable with simplistic circuits and operable with low energy, PUFs are promising candidates as security primitives for resource-constrained IoT devices. Arbiter PUF (APUF) and its variants are lightweight in resource requirements but suffer from vulnerability to machine learning attacks. To defend APUF variants against machine learning attacks, in this paper we investigate a challenge input interface, which incurs low overhead. Analytical and experimental studies were carried out, showing substantial improvement of resistance against machine learning attacks when a PUF is equipped with the interface, rendering interfaced APUF variants promising candidates for security critical applications.more » « less
-
Sahula, Vineet; Mohanty, Saraju (Ed.)This paper proposes a new controlled Physical Unclonable Function (PUF), Veda-PUF, which uses an algorithm for pre-processing and post-processing the input and output of PUF to increase the security of the keys generated in Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. The key size of the PUF can be increased using the proposed protocol without compromising the integrity of the keys generated. The uniqueness of the generated keys was 50 % and the reliability of the keys generated is 99.9 % which are close to the ideal values. The proposed control algorithm also increases the uniqueness and reliability of the PUF keys after processing. This increases the number of PUF keys that can be used for various applications.more » « less
- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
-
Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2026.3663063
