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			<titleStmt><title level='a'>Highly Ionized Gas in the Zone of Avoidance: Using the CIViL &lt;sup&gt;⋆&lt;/sup&gt; Survey to Pinpoint Physical Conditions of Gaseous Halos</title></titleStmt>
			<publicationStmt>
				<publisher>Astrophysical Journal</publisher>
				<date>10/23/2025</date>
			</publicationStmt>
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				<bibl> 
					<idno type="par_id">10688926</idno>
					<idno type="doi">10.3847/1538-4357/ae0304</idno>
					<title level='j'>The Astrophysical Journal</title>
<idno>0004-637X</idno>
<biblScope unit="volume">993</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>					

					<author>Samantha L Garza</author><author>Yakov Faerman</author><author>Trystyn_A M Berg</author><author>Jessica K Werk</author><author>Benjamin D Oppenheimer</author><author>Rongmon Bordoloi</author><author>Sara Ellison</author>
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			<abstract><ab><![CDATA[<title>Abstract</title> <p>This paper investigates the physical conditions of the circumgalactic medium of<italic>L</italic><sup>⋆</sup>galaxies through explorations of observed ion tracer gas kinematics and comparisons of observations to different ionization models. For this analysis, we utilize C<sc>iv</sc>observations from the CIViL<sup>⋆</sup>survey (∼0.14 ≤<italic>z</italic><sub>gal</sub>≤ 0.25) and directly compare them to observations of matched lines of sight from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph-Halos survey. We find that the kinematic parameters for C<sc>iv</sc>and O<sc>vi</sc>are likely (>95%) drawn from the same parent distribution, suggesting that these two ions are kinematically coincident and<italic>potentially</italic>originate under the same physical conditions. We find that the measured C<sc>iv</sc>/O<sc>vi</sc>and N<sc>v</sc>/O<sc>vi</sc>ratios are inconsistent with single-phase equilibrium models. For 70% of the objects in our sample, regions allowed by the column density ratios in the density-temperature space do not overlap, creating a “zone of avoidance.” We also investigate the origins of C<sc>iv</sc>, N<sc>v</sc>, and O<sc>vi</sc>by exploring a cooling flow model under collisional ionization. We find that both N<sc>v</sc>and O<sc>vi</sc>are consistent with the predictions of the model, but the column densities of C<sc>iv</sc>are ∼2.5 times higher than the predictions. As C<sc>iv</sc>has a lower ionization energy than N<sc>v</sc>and O<sc>vi</sc>, it is possible that C<sc>iv</sc>has contributions from both the warm/hot and cool photoionized phase.</p>]]></ab></abstract>
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